{"slug":"rent-growth-vs-income-growth","title":"Where rent growth outran household income","contractVersion":"research-v12","sourceUpdatedOn":"2026-08-05","factsHash":"378c243c1b3104b3dadc52720d898183d83276624b65da27109981784d6cd07b","definition":{"deck":"A current rent burden can hide how a market reached it. This study aligns two named endpoints and keeps rent change, nominal income change and their percentage-point gap separately visible.","slug":"rent-growth-vs-income-growth","chart":"rent_income_growth_scatter","title":"Where rent growth outran household income","method":["Cumulative rent change divides the 2024 Zillow ZORI annual average by its 2019 annual average and subtracts one.","Cumulative nominal income change divides the ACS 2024 five-year median household income estimate by the ACS 2019 five-year estimate and subtracts one.","Growth gap subtracts income change from rent change; it is a descriptive percentage-point difference, not a renter-specific budget change."],"eyebrow":"Rent history + household income","question":"Which metros saw Zillow asking rent change faster than nominal median household income between the 2019 and 2024 source vintages?","variables":["Zillow ZORI 2019 annual average","Zillow ZORI 2024 annual average","ACS 2019 five-year median household income","ACS 2024 five-year median household income","Rent change minus nominal income change"],"limitations":["ACS five-year estimates summarize multi-year survey periods and are not synchronized annual income observations.","Both changes are nominal; inflation is not removed and the result is not real purchasing-power growth.","ZORI is a market asking-rent index, not the rent paid by the same households represented in ACS."],"short_title":"Rent growth vs income growth","source_keys":["zillow_zori","acs_income_history","cbsa_delineation"],"inclusion_rule":"Include every current RentMarker metro with direct Zillow ZORI annual averages for 2019 and 2024 plus direct ACS five-year median household income estimates for the 2019 and 2024 vintages. Rank by rent change minus nominal income change, highest first.","counter_signals":["Median household income covers all households, not only renters or recent movers.","A metro with income keeping pace can still have a high current rent burden or unequal gains across households.","Supply, jobs, migration and unit mix can move differently from this two-endpoint comparison."]},"summary":{"highest_gap":0.61951518,"eligible_count":292,"included_count":292,"highest_gap_slug":"florence-sc","income_kept_pace":40,"median_growth_gap":0.11017893,"highest_gap_market":"Florence, SC","median_rent_change":0.39700028,"rent_up_income_down":0,"median_income_change":0.2805258,"rent_outpaced_income":252,"strongest_income_slug":"pinehurst-nc","highest_gap_rent_change":0.85365854,"strongest_income_change":0.43555192,"strongest_income_market":"Pinehurst, NC","highest_gap_income_change":0.23414336,"strongest_income_rent_change":0.43285821},"sources":[{"key":"acs_income_history","name":"Census ACS 5-year — 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