Counties / Montana / Custer County

Custer County, MT

FIPS 30017 · population 11,961 · outside every metro area

$254k
Zillow home value · 2026-06
The numbers

What this county costs and earns

Everything here joins on the county FIPS code, so each figure comes from the agency that publishes it with no name matching in between.

Zillow home value
$254k
▲ 7.8% year over year
Zillow ZHVI · direct
ACS median gross rent
$893
occupied-unit survey; not current asking rent
Census ACS · surveyed
Gross yield
n/a
gross yield cannot be computed without measured market rent
requires both measured price and measured rent
HUD 2-bed standard
$1,608
the Section 8 payment standard
HUD Fair Market Rent · direct
Independent price check

Do two methods point the same way?

Zillow estimates a current home value. FHFA tracks repeat mortgage transactions. Their growth rates should be read side by side, not averaged.

Both annual signals move in the same direction
FHFA five-year cumulative+50.2%not annualized · through 2025
0%ZILLOW ZHVI2026-06+7.8%FHFA HPI2025+0.9%
Annual changes use different methods and may use different periods. The comparison checks direction and magnitude; it does not create a blended estimate. Zillow county ZHVI pulled 2026-07-26; FHFA annual county HPI pulled 2026-07-28.
Owner-reported value$219k
Surveyed gross rent$893
Rent burden 30%+39.5%
Median year built1965
Housing composition

Who occupies the stock—and what it is

ACS 2024 5-year
12.9%vacant
5,784estimated housing units
Occupied tenure30.1% renter
owner 69.9%renter 30.1%
Structure mix71.8% single-family
Single-family 71.8%20+ units 4.4%Mobile home 12.3%Other 11.5%
ACS estimates describe the standing housing stock and occupied tenure. They do not measure current listings, transaction prices or asking rents.

Survey source: Census ACS 5-year — county housing value, tenure and stock · ACS 2024 5-year · pulled 2026-07-30. These values describe different housing universes and are not combined into gross yield.

Annual average covered jobs5,254▼ 2.7% from the prior annual release
Covered establishments543annual average reporting locations
Average weekly wage$1,006▲ 3.9% from the prior annual release
Largest private supersectorTrade, transportation, and utilities32.3% of disclosed private covered jobs
Local labor base

Jobs, pay and private-sector concentration

2025
0%COVERED JOBS−2.7%WEEKLY WAGE+3.9%Trade, transportation, and utilities32.3%
Annual QCEW counts cover jobs located at reporting establishments. The industry share uses disclosed private covered employment; it is not a resident-employment measure or a forecast.

Workplace source: BLS QCEW — county employment and wages · annual county employment and wages 2025 vs 2024 · pulled 2026-07-31. QCEW counts covered jobs located in the county, not employed residents or the metro score’s CES/LAUS series.

County brief

What the local evidence says

01Decision frame

Custer County presents a valuation-versus-cash-flow diligence tension: Zillow’s June 2026 county median home value was $254,092, up 7.79% year over year, whereas FHFA’s 2025 repeat-transaction HPI rose 0.86%. These are separate methods and vintages, not one growth series. The faster Zillow direction merits comparable-sales review; cash-flow underwriting should remain cautious because value appreciation alone does not establish rentable income.

02Housing economics

Carrying-cost underwriting remains incomplete. The effective property-tax rate is 1.03%, and median annual tax is $2,264; both must be considered against the acquisition basis, but neither establishes the full expense load. No county market asking rent is published, so gross yield cannot be computed. HUD’s two-bedroom FMR of $1,608 per month is a payment standard, not an estimate of market rent, and cannot replace lease comparables. Utility, insurance, vacancy, repair and management evidence is also not published.

03Demand & competition

Realtor.com’s June 2026 MLS listing-market evidence shows 30 active listings and a 6.06% price-reduced share. These describe visible supply and seller concessions, rather than closed-sale prices or proof of buyer demand; its days-on-market statistic is likewise a marketing-time measure. Tax-return migration shows a net outflow, and moving-in households’ average income was $8,552 below that of moving-out households. Investors represented 11 of 94 purchase mortgages, or 11.70%, signaling some non-owner participation but not bid intensity, property type, or rental performance.

04Risk & next checks

Risk review should begin with inland flood exposure: modeled annual climate loss equals 0.13% of building value, an aggregate modeled ratio rather than a parcel loss estimate. QCEW annual covered employment at county workplaces declined, and Trade, transportation, and utilities was the largest disclosed private supersector. This is neither resident employment nor unemployment or a forecast, but it warrants job-base review in tenant screening rather than an assumption about the whole economy. Confirm flood zone, elevation, insurance quote, actual rent, condition, sale comparables and title/tax detail; absent evidence prevents parcel-level value, liquidity and net-income conclusions.

Cities & communities

Where people live within Custer County

Census-recognized incorporated places and CDPs that intersect this county. The list does not pretend to include every neighborhood or informal community.

Population scale

Largest Census places

ACS 2024 5-year
Miles City city8.4KIsmay town1
Bars use total place population, not a county-share estimate. An asterisk marks a place that crosses a county line.
Official directory

2 Census places

Population
  1. 01
    Miles City cityIncorporated place
    8,407
  2. 02
    Ismay townIncorporated place
    1

Population is the total place-wide ACS estimate, not an allocated county share. A place crossing a county line is labelled explicitly. Source: Census ACS 5-year — cities and communities · ACS 2024 5-year · pulled 2026-07-30.

Risk, demand and competition

The three things a price does not tell you

01
Risk & carrying costFEMA NRI + Census ACS
Dominant hazardinland flooding

0.127% of building value expected lost per year

Effective property tax1.03%

$2,264 median annual bill

02
DemandIRS SOI household flows
Net migration-9

289 in · 298 out

Arriving vs leaving income−$8,552

$51,522 arriving · $60,074 leaving

03
CompetitionHMDA financed purchases
Purchases by investors11.7%

11 of 94 mortgages

investorother financed
Current listing pressure

What sellers and visible supply are doing

Realtor.com® Economic Research · county inventory 2026-06 · pulled 2026-07-28
Active listings30▲ 15.4% year over year
Median days on market38▼ 24.4% year over year
Listings price-reduced6.1%seller-concession signal
Median listing pricen/a▲ 29.3% year over year

Listing price is an asking price, not a closed sale. Quality-flagged county rows are withheld instead of displayed.

No rent index is published for this county.Zillow’s county rent series does not cover every county, and estimating one from a neighbouring county would be a guess wearing a number’s clothes. Everything above is measured here; no wider market is mapped for it either.
Bear case

What can break the county thesis

  1. Unpublished market rent, vacancy and operating expenses could materially alter cash-flow coverage.
  2. MLS listing measures may not match closed-sale value or liquidity for a specific property.
  3. Flood exposure and insurance costs can differ sharply by parcel from the county modeled-loss ratio.
Underwriting questions

Before pricing a property

Can gross yield be calculated from this record?

No. County market asking rent is not published, and HUD FMR is a payment standard that cannot be substituted for market rent.

What is known about investor participation?

Investors represented 11 of 94 purchase mortgages, or 11.70%.

What labor measure is supplied?

The 2025 QCEW observation is annual average covered employment at workplaces in Custer County, not resident employment or unemployment.