Counties / Virginia / Northumberland County

Northumberland County, VA

FIPS 51133 · population 12,188 · outside every metro area

$374k
Zillow home value · 2026-06
The numbers

What this county costs and earns

Everything here joins on the county FIPS code, so each figure comes from the agency that publishes it with no name matching in between.

Zillow home value
$374k
▲ 1.9% year over year
Zillow ZHVI · direct
ACS median gross rent
$1,038
occupied-unit survey; not current asking rent
Census ACS · surveyed
Gross yield
n/a
gross yield cannot be computed without measured market rent
requires both measured price and measured rent
HUD 2-bed standard
$1,309
the Section 8 payment standard
HUD Fair Market Rent · direct
Independent price check

Do two methods point the same way?

Zillow estimates a current home value. FHFA tracks repeat mortgage transactions. Their growth rates should be read side by side, not averaged.

Both annual signals move in the same direction
FHFA five-year cumulative+58.9%not annualized · through 2025
0%ZILLOW ZHVI2026-06+1.9%FHFA HPI2025+0.9%
Annual changes use different methods and may use different periods. The comparison checks direction and magnitude; it does not create a blended estimate. Zillow county ZHVI pulled 2026-07-26; FHFA annual county HPI pulled 2026-07-28.
Owner-reported value$347k
Surveyed gross rent$1,038
Rent burden 30%+43.1%
Median year built1989
Housing composition

Who occupies the stock—and what it is

ACS 2024 5-year
37.6%vacant
9,044estimated housing units
Occupied tenure13.9% renter
owner 86.1%renter 13.9%
Structure mix88.1% single-family
Single-family 88.1%20+ units 0.7%Mobile home 8.4%Other 2.8%
ACS estimates describe the standing housing stock and occupied tenure. They do not measure current listings, transaction prices or asking rents.

Survey source: Census ACS 5-year — county housing value, tenure and stock · ACS 2024 5-year · pulled 2026-07-30. These values describe different housing universes and are not combined into gross yield.

Annual average covered jobs2,312▼ 3.3% from the prior annual release
Covered establishments382annual average reporting locations
Average weekly wage$992▲ 0.4% from the prior annual release
Largest private supersectorManufacturing26.0% of disclosed private covered jobs
Local labor base

Jobs, pay and private-sector concentration

2025
0%COVERED JOBS−3.3%WEEKLY WAGE+0.4%Manufacturing26.0%
Annual QCEW counts cover jobs located at reporting establishments. The industry share uses disclosed private covered employment; it is not a resident-employment measure or a forecast.

Workplace source: BLS QCEW — county employment and wages · annual county employment and wages 2025 vs 2024 · pulled 2026-07-31. QCEW counts covered jobs located in the county, not employed residents or the metro score’s CES/LAUS series.

County brief

What the local evidence says

01Decision frame

Northumberland County presents a cautious underwriting tension: measured price direction is positive, but no county market rent is published to test income against acquisition cost. Zillow’s 2026-06 median home value was $373,532, up 1.89% year over year. FHFA’s 2025 repeat-transaction HPI rose 0.90% in its annual observation and 58.85% cumulatively over five years. The index is not a home value; its separate vintage and method support only a broadly positive direction, not one comparable growth period. Income-focused buyers should be cautious.

02Housing economics

No county market asking rent is published, so gross yield cannot be computed. HUD’s $1,309 two-bedroom Fair Market Rent is a payment standard, not an asking-rent observation, and cannot fill that gap or support a yield. The effective property-tax rate is 0.47%; parcel tax, exemptions, and prospective insurance remain necessary to test carrying cost against a verified lease. Operating margin remains unresolved.

03Demand & competition

Realtor.com MLS listing-market evidence shows 184 active listings, 39.02% more than a year earlier, a 67-day median marketing time, and 20.78% of listings reduced in price. These are visible asking-supply and seller-concession measures, not closed-sale prices or standalone proof of buyer demand. Tax-return migration was net positive by 79 households, with incoming mover income exceeding outgoing income, but aggregate data do not identify tenant demand. Investors made 11 of 201 purchases, a buyer-competition input. Annual QCEW reports covered workplace employment declined, not resident employment or a forecast. Manufacturing is the largest disclosed private supersector, not the whole economy.

04Risk & next checks

Hurricane is the dominant hazard, and modeled annual climate loss equals 0.18% of building value; this is modeled exposure rather than an insurance quote or dollar loss. It makes insurance, flood-zone, and replacement-cost review important before treating tax as the principal carrying cost. County evidence cannot resolve neighborhood rent, vacancy, lease quality, condition, financing terms, sale comps, or parcel-level hazard exposure. Next checks are asking rents and signed leases, insurance and flood-zone quotes, tax bills, and recent closed comparable sales; without them, cash-flow, exit-price, and risk-adjusted conclusions remain unproven.

Cities & communities

Where people live within Northumberland County

Census-recognized incorporated places and CDPs that intersect this county. The list does not pretend to include every neighborhood or informal community.

Population scale

Largest Census places

ACS 2024 5-year
Kilmarnock town*1.3KHeathsville CDP98
Bars use total place population, not a county-share estimate. An asterisk marks a place that crosses a county line.
Official directory

2 Census places

Population
  1. 01
    Kilmarnock townIncorporated place · spans 2 counties
    1,333
  2. 02
    Heathsville CDPCensus-designated place
    98

Population is the total place-wide ACS estimate, not an allocated county share. A place crossing a county line is labelled explicitly. Source: Census ACS 5-year — cities and communities · ACS 2024 5-year · pulled 2026-07-30.

Risk, demand and competition

The three things a price does not tell you

01
Risk & carrying costFEMA NRI + Census ACS
Dominant hazardhurricane

0.176% of building value expected lost per year

Effective property tax0.47%

$1,645 median annual bill

02
DemandIRS SOI household flows
Net migration+79

401 in · 322 out

Arriving vs leaving income+$12,684

$98,569 arriving · $85,885 leaving

03
CompetitionHMDA financed purchases
Purchases by investors5.5%

11 of 201 mortgages

investorother financed
Current listing pressure

What sellers and visible supply are doing

Realtor.com® Economic Research · county inventory 2026-06 · pulled 2026-07-28
Active listings184▲ 39.0% year over year
Median days on market67▲ 9.8% year over year
Listings price-reduced20.8%seller-concession signal
Median listing pricen/a▲ 19.1% year over year

Listing price is an asking price, not a closed sale. Quality-flagged county rows are withheld instead of displayed.

No rent index is published for this county.Zillow’s county rent series does not cover every county, and estimating one from a neighbouring county would be a guess wearing a number’s clothes. Everything above is measured here; no wider market is mapped for it either.
Bear case

What can break the county thesis

  1. Verified rents, vacancy, and operating costs may not support acquisition economics.
  2. Insurance, flood-zone, deductible, and replacement-cost findings may materially raise carrying costs.
  3. MLS listing measures may not translate into closed-sale pricing or buyer liquidity.
Underwriting questions

Before pricing a property

Can gross yield be calculated from this record?

No. County market asking rent is not published, and HUD Fair Market Rent is a payment standard rather than market rent.

How much investor buyer participation is recorded?

Investors made 11 of 201 purchases.

What does the QCEW labor measure represent?

It represents annual covered employment at workplaces in the county, not resident employment, unemployment, or a forecast.