Counties / Florida / Columbia County

Columbia County, FL

FIPS 12023 · population 71,789 · part of Lake City, FL

$275k
Zillow home value · 2026-06
The numbers

What this county costs and earns

Everything here joins on the county FIPS code, so each figure comes from the agency that publishes it with no name matching in between.

Zillow home value
$275k
▲ 0.1% year over year
Zillow ZHVI · direct
Median asking rent
$1,546
▲ 2.1% year over year
Zillow ZORI · direct
Gross yield
6.8%
annual rent ÷ price, before costs
derived: rent × 12 ÷ price ✓
HUD 2-bed standard
$1,318
market rent is 1.17x the standard
HUD Fair Market Rent · direct
Independent price check

Do two methods point the same way?

Zillow estimates a current home value. FHFA tracks repeat mortgage transactions. Their growth rates should be read side by side, not averaged.

Both annual signals move in the same direction
FHFA five-year cumulative+64.6%not annualized · through 2025
0%ZILLOW ZHVI2026-06+0.1%FHFA HPI2025+5.9%
Annual changes use different methods and may use different periods. The comparison checks direction and magnitude; it does not create a blended estimate. Zillow county ZHVI pulled 2026-07-26; FHFA annual county HPI pulled 2026-07-28.
Owner-reported value$195k
Surveyed gross rent$976
Rent burden 30%+47.7%
Median year built1992
Housing composition

Who occupies the stock—and what it is

ACS 2024 5-year
9.5%vacant
30,300estimated housing units
Occupied tenure27.5% renter
owner 72.5%renter 27.5%
Structure mix54.2% single-family
Single-family 54.2%20+ units 2.6%Mobile home 34.7%Other 8.5%
ACS estimates describe the standing housing stock and occupied tenure. They do not measure current listings, transaction prices or asking rents.

Survey source: Census ACS 5-year — county housing value, tenure and stock · ACS 2024 5-year · pulled 2026-07-30. These values describe different housing universes and are not combined into gross yield.

Annual average covered jobs24,823▲ 0.7% from the prior annual release
Covered establishments1,776annual average reporting locations
Average weekly wage$1,024▲ 3.9% from the prior annual release
Largest private supersectorTrade, transportation, and utilities28.6% of disclosed private covered jobs
Local labor base

Jobs, pay and private-sector concentration

2025
0%COVERED JOBS+0.7%WEEKLY WAGE+3.9%Trade, transportation, and utilities28.6%
Annual QCEW counts cover jobs located at reporting establishments. The industry share uses disclosed private covered employment; it is not a resident-employment measure or a forecast.

Workplace source: BLS QCEW — county employment and wages · annual county employment and wages 2025 vs 2024 · pulled 2026-07-31. QCEW counts covered jobs located in the county, not employed residents or the metro score’s CES/LAUS series.

County brief

What the local evidence says

01Decision frame

Columbia County presents a cash-flow-versus-exit-liquidity tension: Zillow’s county observation labeled 2026-06 puts median home value at $274,669, while measured median asking rent is $1,546 per month and stated gross yield is 6.75%. Investors seeking durable income should investigate, while buyers relying on rapid resale should be cautious. Zillow’s value change is 0.13%, whereas the 2025 FHFA repeat-transaction HPI rose 5.89%. Those are different vintages and methods, so they cannot be combined into one appreciation reading.

02Housing economics

Because market asking rent is published, the gross yield is computable, but it is neither NOI nor a cap rate. HUD’s two-bedroom FMR is a payment standard, not an asking-rent estimate; it cannot replace measured rent in this analysis. The effective property-tax rate is 0.74%, a known carrying cost against value and rent. Insurance, maintenance, vacancy, utilities, financing terms and assessment detail are not published, preventing net-cash-flow, debt-coverage and parcel-tax underwriting.

03Demand & competition

Realtor.com’s separately labeled 2026-06 MLS listing-market evidence shows 87 median days on market, 25.36% of listings price-reduced, and a 29.83% pending-to-active ratio. These are asking-market supply, marketing-time and concession indicators, rather than closed-sale prices or standalone proof of demand. QCEW’s separately sourced 2025 annual average records 24,823 covered jobs at county workplaces, not resident employment or an unemployment measure; Trade, transportation, and utilities is the largest disclosed private supersector. Net migration of 288 tax-return households coincides with a $7,714 positive incoming-versus-outgoing average AGI gap. The stated 4.72% investor share alongside 615 total purchases signals visible but limited recorded non-occupant competition.

04Risk & next checks

Inland flood is the dominant hazard, and modeled expected annual climate loss equals 0.17% of building value; that county-level model does not establish a property’s flood exposure, insurance availability or deductible. Next checks are parcel flood-zone and elevation records, insurance quotes, closed-sale comparables, lease-level rents and occupancy, operating expenses, and financing terms. Without them, the income thesis, resale liquidity and risk-adjusted return cannot be underwritten.

Cities & communities

Where people live within Columbia County

Census-recognized incorporated places and CDPs that intersect this county. The list does not pretend to include every neighborhood or informal community.

Population scale

Largest Census places

ACS 2024 5-year
Lake City city12.5KWatertown CDP3.1KFive Points CDP1.1KFort White town531
Bars use total place population, not a county-share estimate. An asterisk marks a place that crosses a county line.
Official directory

4 Census places

Population
  1. 01
    Lake City cityIncorporated place
    12,515
  2. 02
    Watertown CDPCensus-designated place
    3,068
  3. 03
    Five Points CDPCensus-designated place
    1,097
  4. 04
    Fort White townIncorporated place
    531

Population is the total place-wide ACS estimate, not an allocated county share. A place crossing a county line is labelled explicitly. Source: Census ACS 5-year — cities and communities · ACS 2024 5-year · pulled 2026-07-30.

Risk, demand and competition

The three things a price does not tell you

01
Risk & carrying costFEMA NRI + Census ACS
Dominant hazardinland flooding

0.173% of building value expected lost per year

Effective property tax0.74%

$1,434 median annual bill

02
DemandIRS SOI household flows
Net migration+288

2,024 in · 1,736 out

Arriving vs leaving income+$7,714

$54,302 arriving · $46,588 leaving

03
CompetitionHMDA financed purchases
Purchases by investors4.7%

29 of 615 mortgages

investorother financed
Current listing pressure

What sellers and visible supply are doing

Realtor.com® Economic Research · county inventory 2026-06 · pulled 2026-07-28
Active listings238▼ 4.8% year over year
Median days on market87▲ 13.1% year over year
Listings price-reduced25.4%seller-concession signal
Median listing pricen/a▲ 2.0% year over year

Listing price is an asking price, not a closed sale. Quality-flagged county rows are withheld instead of displayed.

Bear case

What can break the county thesis

  1. Parcel flood exposure or insurance costs may differ materially from the county model.
  2. Gross yield may not cover unreported operating, financing or vacancy costs.
  3. Listing-market signals may not translate to executable sale prices for a specific property.
Underwriting questions

Before pricing a property

Is market rent published, allowing gross yield to be computed?

Yes. The record publishes measured market asking rent and a stated gross yield, although it does not provide net operating income.

What does HUD FMR represent in this record?

It is a HUD payment standard, not an estimate of county asking rent and not a substitute for measured market rent.

What buyer-competition measure is supplied?

The record supplies an investor share based on non-occupant purchase mortgages, indicating recorded investor participation rather than total buyer demand.