Counties / Minnesota / Polk County

Polk County, MN

FIPS 27119 · population 30,705 · part of Grand Forks, ND

$256k
Zillow home value · 2026-06
The numbers

What this county costs and earns

Everything here joins on the county FIPS code, so each figure comes from the agency that publishes it with no name matching in between.

Zillow home value
$256k
▲ 6.5% year over year
Zillow ZHVI · direct
Median asking rent
$882
n/a year over year
Zillow ZORI · direct
Gross yield
4.1%
annual rent ÷ price, before costs
derived: rent × 12 ÷ price ✓
HUD 2-bed standard
$1,089
market rent is 0.81x the standard
HUD Fair Market Rent · direct
Independent price check

Do two methods point the same way?

Zillow estimates a current home value. FHFA tracks repeat mortgage transactions. Their growth rates should be read side by side, not averaged.

Both annual signals move in the same direction
FHFA five-year cumulative+36.6%not annualized · through 2025
0%ZILLOW ZHVI2026-06+6.5%FHFA HPI2025+3.6%
Annual changes use different methods and may use different periods. The comparison checks direction and magnitude; it does not create a blended estimate. Zillow county ZHVI pulled 2026-07-26; FHFA annual county HPI pulled 2026-07-28.
Owner-reported value$223k
Surveyed gross rent$855
Rent burden 30%+55.1%
Median year built1971
Housing composition

Who occupies the stock—and what it is

ACS 2024 5-year
15.9%vacant
14,697estimated housing units
Occupied tenure28.7% renter
owner 71.3%renter 28.7%
Structure mix74.1% single-family
Single-family 74.1%20+ units 8.0%Mobile home 5.4%Other 12.5%
ACS estimates describe the standing housing stock and occupied tenure. They do not measure current listings, transaction prices or asking rents.

Survey source: Census ACS 5-year — county housing value, tenure and stock · ACS 2024 5-year · pulled 2026-07-30. These values describe different housing universes and are not combined into gross yield.

Annual average covered jobs11,997▼ 0.3% from the prior annual release
Covered establishments1,039annual average reporting locations
Average weekly wage$1,092▲ 3.8% from the prior annual release
Largest private supersectorEducation and health services23.4% of disclosed private covered jobs
Local labor base

Jobs, pay and private-sector concentration

2025
0%COVERED JOBS−0.3%WEEKLY WAGE+3.8%Education and health services23.4%
Annual QCEW counts cover jobs located at reporting establishments. The industry share uses disclosed private covered employment; it is not a resident-employment measure or a forecast.

Workplace source: BLS QCEW — county employment and wages · annual county employment and wages 2025 vs 2024 · pulled 2026-07-31. QCEW counts covered jobs located in the county, not employed residents or the metro score’s CES/LAUS series.

County brief

What the local evidence says

01Decision frame

Polk County presents an income-versus-valuation tension for property buyers: the Zillow county observation labeled 2026-06 places median home value at $256,182, up 6.52%. Yet the FHFA annual repeat-transaction HPI observation labeled 2025 rose 3.57%. These are separate vintages and methods, not inputs to blend into one appreciation rate. The divergence is a valuation cross-check rather than a value estimate. Published yield warrants investigation, but buyers relying on rapid appreciation or listing-market urgency should be cautious because county-level evidence cannot settle a property outcome.

02Housing economics

Market rent is published at $882 monthly, and the supplied gross yield is 4.13% before costs. HUD’s two-bedroom FMR is $1,089, a payment standard rather than asking rent; it cannot be substituted for market rent or yield. The effective property-tax rate is 1.01%, a known carrying-cost input against the stated value, but it does not reveal assessment practice or future bills. Operating expenses, insurance, vacancy, financing and sale comparables are not published, preventing cash-flow and exit-price underwriting.

03Demand & competition

Realtor.com MLS evidence shows visible active supply contracted 25.23% year over year; its 41-day median days on market measures marketing time, while price reductions show seller concessions. These are asking-listing signals, not closed-sale pricing or proof of buyer demand. Neither identifies the location, condition or financing of a target home. Net migration was negative 167 tax-return households, and movers leaving had higher average AGI than entrants. The record reports non-occupant purchase participation at 7.89% of 304 purchases, limiting evidence of investor competition.

04Risk & next checks

Annual QCEW workplace employment declined 0.32%; it is not resident employment, unemployment or a forecast. Education and health services is the largest disclosed private supersector, not the whole county economy. Inland flood is the dominant hazard, with a modeled annual building-value loss ratio of 0.18%. Parcel elevation, flood-insurance quotes, claims history, building condition and replacement cost are not published; their absence prevents property-specific hazard and carrying-cost conclusions.

Cities & communities

Where people live within Polk County

Census-recognized incorporated places and CDPs that intersect this county. The list does not pretend to include every neighborhood or informal community.

Population scale

Largest Census places

ACS 2024 5-year
East Grand Forks city9KCrookston city7.3KFosston city1.4KMcIntosh city847Fertile city803Erskine city427Fisher city396Climax city209
Bars use total place population, not a county-share estimate. An asterisk marks a place that crosses a county line.
Official directory

15 Census places

Population
  1. 01
    East Grand Forks cityIncorporated place
    9,028
  2. 02
    Crookston cityIncorporated place
    7,344
  3. 03
    Fosston cityIncorporated place
    1,374
  4. 04
    McIntosh cityIncorporated place
    847
  5. 05
    Fertile cityIncorporated place
    803
  6. 06
    Erskine cityIncorporated place
    427
  7. 07
    Fisher cityIncorporated place
    396
  8. 08
    Climax cityIncorporated place
    209
  9. 09
    Winger cityIncorporated place
    157
  10. 10
    Mentor cityIncorporated place
    131
  11. 11
    Nielsville cityIncorporated place
    102
  12. 12
    Beltrami cityIncorporated place
    72
Show 3 more places
  1. 13
    Gully cityIncorporated place
    53
  2. 14
    Lengby cityIncorporated place
    43
  3. 15
    Trail cityIncorporated place
    16

Population is the total place-wide ACS estimate, not an allocated county share. A place crossing a county line is labelled explicitly. Source: Census ACS 5-year — cities and communities · ACS 2024 5-year · pulled 2026-07-30.

Risk, demand and competition

The three things a price does not tell you

01
Risk & carrying costFEMA NRI + Census ACS
Dominant hazardinland flooding

0.182% of building value expected lost per year

Effective property tax1.01%

$2,245 median annual bill

02
DemandIRS SOI household flows
Net migration-167

664 in · 831 out

Arriving vs leaving income−$4,394

$52,425 arriving · $56,819 leaving

03
CompetitionHMDA financed purchases
Purchases by investors7.9%

24 of 304 mortgages

investorother financed
Current listing pressure

What sellers and visible supply are doing

Realtor.com® Economic Research · county inventory 2026-06 · pulled 2026-07-28
Active listings80▼ 25.2% year over year
Median days on market41▼ 16.7% year over year
Listings price-reduced13.5%seller-concession signal
Median listing pricen/a▲ 31.8% year over year

Listing price is an asking price, not a closed sale. Quality-flagged county rows are withheld instead of displayed.

Same metro

The other counties in Grand Forks, ND

A metro is an average of these. Which side of a county line a property sits on can change the tax bill, the hazard profile and the tenant pool.

CountyPopulationPriceRentYieldHazard
Polk County30,705$256k$8824.1%inland flooding
Grand Forks County72,923$297k$1,1694.7%inland flooding
Bear case

What can break the county thesis

  1. Property-level elevation, insurance and condition may make the county flood-loss measure unsuitable for a specific asset.
  2. Unpublished operating costs, vacancy and financing can overturn the gross-yield economics.
  3. MLS asking data and tax-return migration may not represent closed transactions or the target submarket.
Underwriting questions

Before pricing a property

Is measured market rent available?

Yes. The record publishes median asking rent and a gross yield before costs.

Can HUD two-bedroom FMR be used as market asking rent?

No. It is a payment standard, not an estimate of asking rent or a basis for calculating yield.

What labor measure is reported?

QCEW reports annual covered employment at workplaces in the county; it is not resident employment or an unemployment measure.