States / Minnesota
State rental intelligence

Minnesota rental market data

A source-traced view across 20 metro markets and 87 counties. State figures below are labelled medians and totals—not a made-up statewide investment score.

15/20 metros scored87/87 counties with FEMA risk16 sources used in this analysis
Median scored metro61.0out of 100 · 15 measured metros
Minnesota identity diorama showing regional landscape, cities, housing, and infrastructure
Median metro home value$325kmedian across published metro values
Median metro rent$1,231monthly · published metro values
Median gross yield4.8%annual rent ÷ price · before costs
Median job trend▼ 0.4%trailing 12-month metro employment
Direct monthly rental evidence

Minnesota rent market dynamics

Apartment List measures recent leases, rental vacancy and listing time separately. These figures do not replace Zillow, Census or Realtor measures elsewhere on this page.

Recent-lease rent$1,3742026-07 · ▲ 1.8% year over year
Rental Vacancy Index7.3%2026-07 · +0.3 pp in 12 months
Time on market33 days2026-07 · +2 days in 12 months
US recent-lease rent$1,3882026-07 · ▼ 1.1% year over year
Rent and rental vacancy through timesolid state series · dashed national series · no interpolation across missing observations
Recent-lease rent$1,487$1,255$1,023Rental Vacancy Index8.2%5.8%3.4%2017-012021-102026-07MinnesotaUnited States
State research brief

Recent-lease rents rose 1.8% even as vacancy reached 7.3% and marketing time lengthened to 33.3 days, putting leasing friction at the center of Minnesota screening.

Updated 2026-08-08 · evidence current to the releases listed below.

The current Apartment List state series shows recent-lease rent at $1,374, up from $1,350, while its separate Vacancy Index increased from 7.0% to 7.3% and time on market rose 1.6 days to 33.3 days. Positive rent movement therefore did not coincide with easier leasing. Rent-growth assumptions need local support from actual applications, concessions, renewals and unit-level marketing time.

The main counter-signal comes from demand measures: median employment growth was -0.4% across 20 measured metros, and movement across all 87 counties produced net migration of -5,243, or -0.9 per 1,000 residents. These readings do not prove a rent reversal, but they limit how far the positive state rent series can be generalized. The packet supports local screening rather than a single conclusion for every Minnesota market.

01

Recent-lease rent rose 1.8% while vacancy increased 0.3 percentage point and time on market rose 1.6 days → test rent growth and lease-up speed as separate assumptions.

02

Median employment growth was -0.4% and net migration was -5,243 → require submarket demand evidence rather than relying on the state rent series.

03

Measured metro gross yields spanned 4.1% to 6.0% while rent-to-income spanned 15.5% to 22.4% → compare net yield and tenant affordability market by market.

04

County ACS vacancy ranged from 4.7% to 29.6% between the 10th and 90th percentiles → do not use broad housing vacancy as a proxy for available rental supply.

05

Permitting intensity and resale time vary materially across metros → screen new supply and exit liquidity separately for each acquisition.

01
Direct state rental dynamics

Rent growth survived a softer leasing tape

Minnesota's recent-lease rent increased 1.8%, while the corresponding national series declined 1.1%; the supplied difference is 2.8 percentage points. That is a genuine positive signal, but it sits beside a 0.3-percentage-point increase in the state Vacancy Index and a 1.6-day increase in time on market.

Current state vacancy was 0.1 percentage point above the national reading, and state time on market was 3.3 days longer. Rent, vacancy and time on market are separate Apartment List measures with different coverage, so they should not be merged into a composite. Together they support testing rent growth and lease-up speed independently.

Evidence: Apartment List Rent Estimates — recent-lease rent index · Apartment List Time on Market — listing liquidity · Apartment List Vacancy Index — rental vacancy

02
Employment and household movement

Jobs and migration do not confirm the rent signal

Across 20 measured metros, median employment growth was -0.4%, with the 10th-to-90th-percentile range running from -1.5% to 0.3%. Rochester provides a counterexample at 0.4% growth, showing why the negative median should not be assigned to every market.

Across 87 counties, 168,907 people moved in and 174,150 moved out, producing net migration of -5,243, or -0.9 per 1,000 residents. Employment and tax-filer movement are not direct counts of renter household formation, but their combination does not independently validate broad rent-demand strength.

Evidence: Census ACS 5-year — population · BLS CES — payroll employment · BLS LAUS — resident employment · IRS SOI — county migration and mover income

03
Entry cost and affordability

Similar paper yields conceal different tenant constraints

Across 20 measured metros, the median gross yield was 4.8%, with a 10th-to-90th-percentile range of 4.1% to 6.0%. Median rent equaled 19.4% of income, but the measured range was 15.5% to 22.4%. Price-to-income ratios likewise ranged from 3.1 to 4.6 around a 4.0 median.

Albert Lea pairs a $202,264 value and $1,023 rent with a 6.1% gross yield and 17.3% rent-to-income ratio. Bemidji pairs a $271,823 value and $1,361 rent with a 6.0% yield but a higher 23.7% rent-to-income ratio. Similar gross yields therefore do not imply the same entry cost or tenant affordability. These yields exclude operating costs, financing and vacancy.

Evidence: Census ACS 5-year — household income and gross rent · HUD Fair Market Rents — Section 8 standard · Zillow ZHVI — metro home values · Zillow ZORI — metro market rents

04
Housing stock and tenant conditions

High broad vacancy can coexist with renter strain

Across all 87 counties, the median ACS housing vacancy rate was 11.0%, with a 10th-to-90th-percentile span of 4.7% to 29.6%. The median renter share was 20.5%, while 43.7% of renters were burdened at the 30%-of-income threshold; the 90th-percentile burden was 52.4%.

Pope County had 66.5% renter burden alongside 22.8% vacancy and a 16.5% renter share. Traverse County combined 65.5% burden with 30.9% vacancy, while Steele County combined 60.9% burden with only 5.4% vacancy. The ACS vacancy measure covers the housing stock broadly and does not establish how many units are lease-ready long-term rentals. It must not be substituted for the Apartment List Vacancy Index.

Evidence: Census ACS 5-year — county housing value, tenure and stock

05
Supply and resale conditions

Construction intensity and exit speed split by metro

Across 20 metros, permitted units had a median of 320 and a 10th-to-90th-percentile range of 44 to 1,901.4. Median permitting intensity was 2.58 units per 1,000 residents, compared with 8.75 at the 90th percentile. Brainerd recorded 998 permits and 10.11 per 1,000, while Mankato recorded 908 and 8.71 per 1,000.

Resale measures covered 16 metros and showed median supply of 2.2 months, median marketing time of 27.5 days and a 27.6% price-drop share. Brainerd had 3.8 months of supply and 35 days on market despite its high permitting rate. Bemidji had 3.5 months of supply, 56 days on market and a 98.0% sale-to-list ratio. Permits do not establish completions or rental tenure, and Redfin resale time does not measure rental lease-up, but both identify markets requiring more conservative supply and exit checks.

Evidence: Census Building Permits Survey — permitted units · Redfin Data Center — inventory, days on market, and price cuts

06
Physical risk and property tax

Inland flood leads every county hazard label while tax rates vary

Across 87 counties, the median effective property-tax rate was 0.99%, with a 10th-to-90th-percentile range of 0.74% to 1.13%. The median FEMA climate-loss ratio was 0.14%, and the 90th-percentile reading was 0.20%. Pennington County was higher at a 0.33% loss ratio and a 1.26% property-tax rate, with median tax of $2,458.

Inland flood is the mutually exclusive leading-hazard label for all 87 counties in the packet. That county-level label does not mean every parcel is exposed, nor does it show insurance availability, premiums or building-level mitigation. Property underwriting still requires address-specific tax and physical-risk evidence.

Evidence: FEMA National Risk Index — hazard loss ratios · Census ACS 5-year — effective property tax

State ZIP rental intelligence

How direct rental evidence varies inside Minnesota

The distribution uses 14 current published ZIP reports across 6 cities and 4 counties. Twelve measured counter-signals are shown below; this is not a statewide neighborhood ranking.

Published ZIP rent range$1,436$1,955full direct-ZORI report cohort
Median rent / income23.3%annual asking rent ÷ ACS household income
Median one-year growth▲ 2.7%exact direct Zillow endpoints
Renter households covered98,623across published ZCTA matches
01 · RENT DISPERSIONRepresentative direct ZIP ZORI
Horizontal bars compare direct Zillow asking-rent indexes for the twelve representative published ZIP reports.55124$1,95555902$1,82755411$1,75855901$1,66955303$1,58455414$1,52955408$1,51955337$1,50455407$1,48255403$1,45155404$1,43855406$1,436
02 · AFFORDABILITY PRESSURERent / income × observed burden
Horizontal position is annual Zillow asking rent divided by ACS median household income. Vertical position is the ACS share of renter households paying thirty percent or more.64.7%58.2%51.6%45.1%38.6%554085541455404554035590155337554075540655124553035541155902Annual asking rent / ACS household income →ACS renter burden share →
03 · PATH QUALITYOne-year growth × variability
Each point compares exact one-year Zillow asking-rent growth with annualized variability from the direct monthly series.4.5%3.5%2.6%1.6%0.7%554085541455404554035590155337554075540655124553035541155902Exact one-year Zillow rent growth →Annualized monthly variability →
WHAT THE STATE DISTRIBUTION SAYS

Across Minnesota's 14 current published direct-evidence ZIP reports, the June 2026 Zillow Observed Rent Index (ZORI) ranges from $1,436 to $1,955—a $519 spread around a $1,532.50 median. The shown endpoints support a comparison that cannot be reduced to one statewide asking-rent figure. The practical screen is whether a renter's budget, income and desired location fit the relevant ZIP-level ZORI position; ZORI is an observed monthly asking-rent index, not a survey estimate of what existing tenants pay. This distribution includes only current published direct-evidence reports rather than every Minnesota ZIP, neighborhood or rental property. The figures are best used to frame comparisons among covered ZIP reports.

Current price-to-income fit and renter burden point to related but nonidentical pressures. Across the reports, the asking-rent-to-income ratio runs from 18.2% to 41.1%, with a 23.3% median. At 55404, annual income required to hold its ZORI at a 30% share is $57,520, above the ACS ZCTA median household income of $41,940. The distinct ACS five-year ZCTA estimate of renter households spending at least 30% of gross rent spans 41.1% to 62.2%, with a 49.6% median. These percentages describe household burden from survey estimates, not an index divided by median income. ZCTAs are statistical areas rather than identical USPS delivery ZIPs.

Momentum should be read alongside variability, because the two direct monthly Zillow series measures do not rank the reports the same way. One-year rent growth ranges from -0.2% to 6.0%, with a 2.7% median. The upper end marks recent index growth, while the negative endpoint shows a cooling reading despite the cross-section's positive median. Annualized volatility ranges from 1.7% to 3.5%, versus a 2.6% median. Minneapolis 55403 is at the volatility maximum and also recorded the deepest maximum drawdown, 8.8%. Accordingly, a high growth reading does not by itself identify a smooth observed rent path; growth, volatility and drawdown answer different questions about the monthly index.

The HUD comparison is an administrative benchmark, not another observed asking-rent series. Direct ZORI as a share of HUD's two-bedroom FMR/SAFMR standard ranges from 84.0% to 150.5%, with an 89.7% median. Those values include a $1,709 standard in Hennepin and Dakota County reports and a $1,214 standard in Olmsted County reports. It cannot establish whether an advertised unit is expensive or inexpensive relative to a matching two-bedroom listing, because the measures have different defined purposes. The aggregate reports also lack the unit-specific evidence needed for a property decision, including address, bedroom configuration, asking terms and availability. Use a listing's current terms for that comparison rather than turning a ZIP index or HUD benchmark into a property-level conclusion.

Representative direct evidence

Twelve useful contrasts, every one traceable

The statewide summaries use all 14 qualifying reports. The table preserves measured extremes in rent, affordability, burden, momentum, volatility and the HUD benchmark gap.

ZIP reportPlaceZillow rent1Y growthRent / incomeBurden 30%+VariabilityHUD 2BR gap
55408Minneapolis$1,519▲ 3.5%25.9%41.1%1.8%▲ 88.9%
55414Minneapolis$1,529▲ 1.5%35.3%56.6%3.0%▲ 89.5%
55404Minneapolis$1,438▲ 2.1%41.1%51.7%2.3%▲ 84.1%
55403Minneapolis$1,451▲ 2.9%28.6%48.9%3.5%▲ 84.9%
55901Rochester$1,669▲ 2.0%21.2%47.0%2.4%▲ 137.5%
55337Burnsville$1,504▲ 1.6%21.5%50.2%1.9%▲ 88.0%
55407Minneapolis$1,482▲ 3.4%22.7%53.1%2.9%▲ 86.7%
55406Minneapolis$1,436▲ 1.9%18.3%41.9%1.7%▲ 84.0%
55124Apple Valley$1,955▼ 0.2%24.0%51.4%2.1%▲ 114.4%
55303Ramsey$1,584▲ 5.1%18.5%49.0%2.8%▲ 92.7%
55411Minneapolis$1,758▲ 6.0%35.0%62.2%3.0%▲ 102.9%
55902Rochester$1,827▲ 4.9%18.2%48.4%3.1%▲ 150.5%
READ BEFORE USING

ACS values are 2024 five-year estimates reported for ZCTAs, statistical geographies that do not perfectly match USPS delivery ZIPs. Their gross-rent and burden estimates describe surveyed households, so they should not be read as contemporaneous ZIP-level asking rents.

Zillow ZORI observations, growth, volatility and drawdowns are market-level index measures, while HUD SAFMR/FMR values are administrative two-bedroom standards. Neither source provides a quote for a particular vacant unit, and the report set omits ZIPs without current direct-evidence reports.

SOURCE LEDGERCensus ACS five-year — ZCTA housing and incomeACS 2024 5-year ZCTA · pulled 2026-08-08HUD USPS crosswalk and Small Area FMRs — ZIP rent fallbackZIP-CBSA 2025Q4 + SAFMR FY2026 · pulled 2026-07-26Zillow ZORI — ZIP market rentsZORI ZIP 2026-06 · pulled 2026-08-08
Evidence selected for Minnesota

The ranges behind the analysis

Each row keeps its own unit and shows the measured 10th percentile, median and 90th percentile. A single-value row is labelled directly.

Employment and household movementDo jobs, household movement and mover income point in the same direction?
10th pct.median90th pct.Job change-1.5%-0.4%0.3%Net migration / 1k-0.9Net household movement-5,243
Entry cost and affordabilityHow far do local prices, rents, incomes and HUD rent standards stretch?
10th pct.median90th pct.Gross yield4.1%4.8%6.0%Price / income3.1×4.0×4.6×Rent / income15.5%19.4%22.4%Home value$229K$325K$358K
Housing stock and tenant conditionsWhat kind of housing exists, how much is vacant and how burdened are renters?
10th pct.median90th pct.Vacancy rate4.7%11.0%29.6%Renter share16.4%20.5%30.1%Rent burden 30%+36.2%43.7%52.4%Single-family share71.5%82.8%87.7%
Shape of the state

Distribution before conclusion

A statewide median can hide a wide spread. These SVG charts render at build time and carry no chart library or browser-side data request.

Metro score distribution15 scored metros · median 61.0
00–19120–39640–59860–79080–100
County evidence coverageEvery gap stays visible as missing—not estimated
37%32/87Rent100%87/87Climate100%87/87Migration
Highest measured metro gross yieldsscreening metric only · before expenses and financing
Albert Lea6.1%Bemidji6.0%Duluth6.0%Rochester5.9%Austin5.4%Minneapolis5.2%Faribault5.2%
Metro leaderboard

Markets touching Minnesota

Multi-state CBSAs appear in every member state. Score is still a metro score; no value is reweighted into a statewide ranking.

#MetroScorePriceRentYieldJobs
1Wahpeton, ND67$231k$9434.9%▲ 0.3%
2La Crosse, WI66$337k$1,1604.1%▲ 0.2%
3Austin, MN65$206k$9215.4%▼ 0.8%
4Grand Forks, ND65$282k$1,1484.9%▲ 0.3%
5Sioux Falls, SD63$344k$1,3104.6%▲ 0.3%
6Minneapolis, MN62$396k$1,7275.2%▲ 0.2%
7St. Cloud, MN61$321k$1,2704.7%▼ 0.2%
8Winona, MN61$285k$1,1885.0%▼ 1.6%
9Faribault, MN58$357k$1,5545.2%▼ 0.1%
10Mankato, MN55$313k$1,2244.7%▼ 0.1%
11Duluth, MN51$269k$1,3426.0%▼ 0.5%
12Rochester, MN50$345k$1,6955.9%▲ 0.4%

Showing the top 12 scored metros of 20. Unscored metros remain discoverable through the national rankings.

Below the metro line

Largest counties in Minnesota

County figures join on the five-digit FIPS code. The table uses measured local values and prints “n/a” wherever a publisher has no record.

CountyPopulationPriceRentYieldHazard
Hennepin County, MN1,269,496$396k$1,7665.3%inland flooding
Ramsey County, MN542,945$345k$1,5255.3%inland flooding
Dakota County, MN445,771$403k$1,6875.0%inland flooding
Anoka County, MN370,349$380k$1,7325.5%inland flooding
Washington County, MN276,238$451k$2,0605.5%inland flooding
St. Louis County, MN200,123$262k$1,3726.3%inland flooding
Olmsted County, MN164,498$357k$1,7025.7%inland flooding
Stearns County, MN160,865$323k$1,2954.8%inland flooding
Scott County, MN154,557$450k$1,8504.9%inland flooding
Wright County, MN148,269$399k$1,8065.4%inland flooding
Carver County, MN110,041$496k$2,0024.8%inland flooding
Sherburne County, MN100,560$396k$1,6074.9%inland flooding
County yield sample32/87counties have the rent needed to compute yield
Statewide net migration−5,243IRS tax-return households summed across counties
Median investor share6.2%among counties with HMDA purchase records
Sources used in this analysis

Measured releases, not a global source count

Only sources supporting the selected evidence modules are listed here.

Bear case

What can break the thesis

  1. The rent-growth thesis may fail at the property level because the direct state vacancy and time-on-market measures both softened.
  2. Negative median employment growth and net out-migration may not support the same tenant demand in every market.
  3. Local rental-liquidity coverage is incomplete: Apartment List supplies direct state measures, while Redfin resale conditions cover 16 of 20 measured metros and do not measure lease-up.
  4. Gross yields omit vacancy, taxes, insurance, maintenance, management, capital spending and financing.
  5. County loss ratios and leading-hazard labels cannot establish parcel exposure, insurance cost or building-specific resilience.
Investor questions

Before underwriting a property

Can current rent growth be underwritten as evidence of easy lease-up?

No. Recent-lease rent rose 1.8%, but the separate Vacancy Index increased to 7.3% and time on market lengthened to 33.3 days.

Which named Minnesota examples combine comparatively high gross yield with lower entry cost?

Albert Lea shows a $202,264 value, $1,023 rent and 6.1% gross yield. Bemidji shows a $271,823 value, $1,361 rent and 6.0% yield, but its 23.7% rent-to-income ratio is higher than Albert Lea's 17.3%.

Does a high county ACS vacancy rate prove rental oversupply?

No. The ACS rate covers broad housing vacancy and does not identify lease-ready long-term rentals. Pope and Traverse counties pair high renter burden with vacancy rates of 22.8% and 30.9%, respectively.

How much does measured resale liquidity vary?

Across 16 metros, days on market ran from 12 to 48.5 between the 10th and 90th percentiles, while Bemidji registered 56 days and 3.5 months of supply.

What does the inland-flood hazard finding establish?

It establishes only that inland flood is FEMA's mutually exclusive leading-hazard label for each of the 87 counties. It does not establish parcel-level exposure or insurance cost.