BEA price levels + housing

Where housing prices break from the local cost level

Where is a metro's housing price level unusually high or low relative to its own all-items cost level?

BEA Regional Price Parities make the comparison possible without calling a high-rent metro universally expensive. The study separates the all-items price level from housing, then keeps Zillow asking rent, household income and employment visible as independent context.

Metros compared
378
direct 2024 BEA MSA records
Housing above local mix
99
housing RPP above all-items RPP
Median all-items RPP
93.5
US price level equals 100
Median housing gap
-15.1 pts
housing minus all-items RPP
What a national rent figure cannot show

Housing can be the local outlier even when the broader metro is not

The direct BEA intersection contains 378 metropolitan areas. In 99, the housing price level sits above that metro's all-items level. 86 metros are above the national all-items benchmark of 100. These are two different questions: whether the place is broadly expensive, and whether housing is unusually elevated inside its own price mix.

San Jose, CA has the largest positive housing gap at 101.5index points, with a housing RPP of 211.9. At the other tail, Johnstown, PA records a -43.6-point gap and a housing RPP of 42.3.

RPP is a spatial price-level index, not inflation, a rent quote or an affordability score. The United States equals 100; the housing gap compares two BEA categories inside the same metro.

The table keeps current Zillow asking rent, ACS median household income and BLS employment beside the BEA categories without converting one into another. That separation matters: household income is not renter income, and Zillow rent is not a BEA housing basket. Use the cost-of-living explorer to filter the full direct metro set, then open a market page for its independent demand, supply and risk evidence.

378 direct metropolitan RPP records

Housing price level versus the broader local price level

Above the diagonal, housing is more elevated than the metro's all-items price level.

BEA housing RPP compared with all-items RPP by metropolitan areaScatter plot of 378 metropolitan areas. Both axes are regional price parity indexes where the United States equals 100. Points above the diagonal have a housing price level above their own all-items price level.40407070100100130130160160190190220220US = 100San Jose, CA: all items 110.4, housing 211.9, gap 101.5 pointsNapa, CA: all items 112.6, housing 197.4, gap 84.9 pointsSan Francisco, CA: all items 115.6, housing 194.7, gap 79.1 pointsSan Diego, CA: all items 111.9, housing 179.3, gap 67.4 pointsOxnard, CA: all items 110.5, housing 171.1, gap 60.6 pointsLos Angeles, CA: all items 113.6, housing 170.4, gap 56.9 pointsSanta Cruz, CA: all items 109.9, housing 164.3, gap 54.4 pointsBoulder, CO: all items 105.2, housing 157.0, gap 51.8 pointsJohnstown, PA: all items 85.9, housing 42.3, gap -43.6 pointsBridgeport, CT: all items 106.9, housing 150.5, gap 43.6 pointsSanta Maria, CA: all items 108.8, housing 151.4, gap 42.6 pointsWashington, DC: all items 108.9, housing 151.1, gap 42.3 pointsMiami, FL: all items 114.2, housing 155.6, gap 41.4 pointsParkersburg, WV: all items 87.1, housing 45.9, gap -41.2 pointsDenver, CO: all items 105.8, housing 146.9, gap 41.1 pointsMonroe, LA: all items 83.6, housing 42.8, gap -40.8 pointsSeattle, WA: all items 111.1, housing 151.3, gap 40.2 pointsBoston, MA: all items 108.3, housing 148.4, gap 40.2 pointsCharleston, WV: all items 88.7, housing 51.4, gap -37.3 pointsPaducah, KY: all items 86.1, housing 48.8, gap -37.3 pointsHuntington, WV: all items 88.4, housing 51.3, gap -37.2 pointsFlorence, AL: all items 84.8, housing 47.7, gap -37.1 pointsDothan, AL: all items 83.8, housing 46.9, gap -37.0 pointsWheeling, WV: all items 88.3, housing 51.4, gap -36.9 pointsBozeman, MT: all items 102.5, housing 139.2, gap 36.7 pointsWeirton, WV: all items 89.0, housing 52.4, gap -36.6 pointsSalinas, CA: all items 109.0, housing 145.7, gap 36.6 pointsHammond, LA: all items 84.5, housing 48.2, gap -36.3 pointsBeckley, WV: all items 88.4, housing 52.2, gap -36.1 pointsNew York, NY: all items 112.6, housing 148.6, gap 36.1 pointsTerre Haute, IN: all items 87.8, housing 51.9, gap -35.9 pointsSan Luis Obispo, CA: all items 108.6, housing 144.4, gap 35.8 pointsAltoona, PA: all items 89.5, housing 55.0, gap -34.5 pointsWatertown, NY: all items 87.7, housing 53.2, gap -34.5 pointsFlorence, SC: all items 86.8, housing 52.4, gap -34.3 pointsTexarkana, TX: all items 84.0, housing 49.9, gap -34.1 pointsErie, PA: all items 91.0, housing 56.8, gap -34.1 pointsLake Charles, LA: all items 85.9, housing 51.8, gap -34.1 pointsMansfield, OH: all items 88.9, housing 54.9, gap -34.0 pointsYoungstown, OH: all items 87.4, housing 53.4, gap -33.9 pointsHouma, LA: all items 85.1, housing 51.3, gap -33.8 pointsThe Villages, FL: all items 85.4, housing 51.7, gap -33.7 pointsVallejo, CA: all items 108.5, housing 142.0, gap 33.6 pointsAlbany, GA: all items 87.7, housing 54.6, gap -33.0 pointsOwensboro, KY: all items 88.6, housing 55.7, gap -32.9 pointsEnid, OK: all items 84.3, housing 51.4, gap -32.9 pointsShreveport, LA: all items 84.8, housing 52.3, gap -32.5 pointsFort Smith, AR: all items 85.9, housing 53.4, gap -32.4 pointsLima, OH: all items 89.7, housing 57.3, gap -32.4 pointsDecatur, IL: all items 88.4, housing 56.2, gap -32.2 pointsJonesboro, AR: all items 85.9, housing 53.8, gap -32.0 pointsAlexandria, LA: all items 85.7, housing 53.7, gap -32.0 pointsGadsden, AL: all items 85.7, housing 53.7, gap -32.0 pointsRocky Mount, NC: all items 88.0, housing 56.1, gap -31.9 pointsTrenton, NJ: all items 103.2, housing 135.1, gap 31.9 pointsSanta Rosa, CA: all items 107.8, housing 139.6, gap 31.8 pointsJoplin, MO: all items 85.7, housing 54.0, gap -31.7 pointsBrunswick, GA: all items 87.7, housing 56.3, gap -31.4 pointsCanton, OH: all items 89.4, housing 58.1, gap -31.3 pointsAnniston, AL: all items 85.9, housing 54.7, gap -31.2 pointsFarmington, NM: all items 87.7, housing 56.6, gap -31.2 pointsGreenville, NC: all items 88.4, housing 57.3, gap -31.1 pointsSt. Joseph, MO: all items 86.4, housing 55.4, gap -31.0 pointsGoldsboro, NC: all items 88.5, housing 57.7, gap -30.8 pointsMuncie, IN: all items 88.1, housing 57.5, gap -30.7 pointsKokomo, IN: all items 89.6, housing 59.3, gap -30.4 pointsEagle Pass, TX: all items 83.8, housing 53.7, gap -30.1 pointsMcAllen, TX: all items 85.9, housing 55.9, gap -30.0 pointsKingsport, TN: all items 86.4, housing 56.5, gap -30.0 pointsRome, GA: all items 90.2, housing 60.3, gap -29.9 pointsSandusky, OH: all items 89.3, housing 59.5, gap -29.8 pointsCape Girardeau, MO: all items 86.1, housing 56.4, gap -29.7 pointsMacon, GA: all items 88.5, housing 58.9, gap -29.6 pointsValdosta, GA: all items 88.3, housing 58.8, gap -29.5 pointsBattle Creek, MI: all items 90.5, housing 61.0, gap -29.5 pointsTuscaloosa, AL: all items 87.7, housing 58.2, gap -29.5 pointsDecatur, AL: all items 87.2, housing 58.1, gap -29.1 pointsPinehurst, NC: all items 88.3, housing 59.3, gap -29.0 pointsJackson, TN: all items 85.5, housing 56.6, gap -29.0 pointsHickory, NC: all items 88.5, housing 59.6, gap -28.9 pointsEl Centro, CA: all items 95.2, housing 66.3, gap -28.9 pointsSpringfield, OH: all items 90.5, housing 61.7, gap -28.8 pointsSioux City, IA: all items 86.5, housing 57.8, gap -28.6 pointsManchester, NH: all items 105.7, housing 134.2, gap 28.6 pointsLawton, OK: all items 85.9, housing 57.4, gap -28.6 pointsHot Springs, AR: all items 85.7, housing 57.3, gap -28.4 pointsLafayette, LA: all items 87.2, housing 58.8, gap -28.4 pointsBrownsville, TX: all items 86.0, housing 57.7, gap -28.3 pointsColumbus, GA: all items 89.3, housing 61.2, gap -28.1 pointsMobile, AL: all items 88.1, housing 60.1, gap -28.0 pointsWilliamsport, PA: all items 92.3, housing 64.4, gap -28.0 pointsCleveland, TN: all items 88.1, housing 60.3, gap -27.8 pointsHattiesburg, MS: all items 87.6, housing 60.1, gap -27.6 pointsPeoria, IL: all items 91.2, housing 63.8, gap -27.5 pointsMorristown, TN: all items 86.4, housing 59.0, gap -27.3 pointsSierra Vista, AZ: all items 89.2, housing 61.9, gap -27.3 pointsSaginaw, MI: all items 90.9, housing 63.6, gap -27.2 pointsLas Cruces, NM: all items 90.2, housing 63.0, gap -27.2 pointsLaredo, TX: all items 87.0, housing 59.7, gap -27.2 pointsSumter, SC: all items 88.0, housing 60.8, gap -27.2 pointsLebanon, PA: all items 93.2, housing 66.0, gap -27.2 pointsGrand Forks, ND: all items 86.7, housing 59.7, gap -27.0 pointsBowling Green, KY: all items 90.2, housing 63.4, gap -26.8 pointsUtica, NY: all items 92.7, housing 66.1, gap -26.6 pointsScranton, PA: all items 93.6, housing 67.0, gap -26.6 pointsDalton, GA: all items 89.8, housing 63.3, gap -26.5 pointsNaples, FL: all items 103.2, housing 129.4, gap 26.2 pointsElkhart, IN: all items 90.3, housing 64.3, gap -26.0 pointsAuburn, AL: all items 87.9, housing 62.1, gap -25.9 pointsJefferson City, MO: all items 88.0, housing 62.1, gap -25.9 pointsLewiston, ME: all items 94.7, housing 69.0, gap -25.7 pointsNorth Port, FL: all items 102.4, housing 128.0, gap 25.5 pointsLynchburg, VA: all items 89.4, housing 63.9, gap -25.5 pointsMontgomery, AL: all items 89.7, housing 64.3, gap -25.3 pointsBay City, MI: all items 91.9, housing 66.7, gap -25.2 pointsMidland, MI: all items 91.9, housing 66.7, gap -25.2 pointsIthaca, NY: all items 103.3, housing 128.4, gap 25.1 pointsTampa, FL: all items 100.9, housing 125.8, gap 24.9 pointsGrand Island, NE: all items 86.7, housing 61.7, gap -24.9 pointsEvansville, IN: all items 91.5, housing 66.7, gap -24.8 pointsJohnson City, TN: all items 87.9, housing 63.2, gap -24.8 pointsJackson, MI: all items 91.8, housing 67.1, gap -24.7 pointsUrban Honolulu, HI: all items 111.0, housing 135.5, gap 24.6 pointsAnn Arbor, MI: all items 100.9, housing 125.3, gap 24.4 pointsFond du Lac, WI: all items 91.6, housing 67.3, gap -24.3 pointsJackson, MS: all items 89.0, housing 64.8, gap -24.3 pointsMorgantown, WV: all items 93.3, housing 69.1, gap -24.2 pointsToledo, OH: all items 91.5, housing 67.3, gap -24.1 pointsBremerton, WA: all items 105.6, housing 129.6, gap 24.0 pointsWaterloo, IA: all items 87.1, housing 63.1, gap -23.9 pointsElizabethtown, KY: all items 90.6, housing 66.7, gap -23.9 pointsTopeka, KS: all items 88.8, housing 65.0, gap -23.8 pointsMinot, ND: all items 87.0, housing 63.2, gap -23.8 pointsSacramento, CA: all items 106.7, housing 130.2, gap 23.6 pointsDubuque, IA: all items 87.3, housing 64.0, gap -23.3 pointsMichigan City, IN: all items 91.7, housing 68.5, gap -23.2 pointsBinghamton, NY: all items 92.9, housing 69.7, gap -23.2 pointsSpartanburg, SC: all items 91.1, housing 68.0, gap -23.0 pointsSpringfield, MO: all items 88.6, housing 65.6, gap -23.0 pointsYakima, WA: all items 95.5, housing 72.6, gap -22.9 pointsStaunton, VA: all items 91.1, housing 68.2, gap -22.9 pointsRiverside, CA: all items 106.4, housing 129.3, gap 22.9 pointsCape Coral, FL: all items 102.3, housing 125.1, gap 22.8 pointsLongview, TX: all items 89.5, housing 66.7, gap -22.7 pointsChambersburg, PA: all items 94.6, housing 71.9, gap -22.7 pointsWichita, KS: all items 88.9, housing 66.2, gap -22.7 pointsPittsburgh, PA: all items 94.7, housing 72.0, gap -22.7 pointsSt. Cloud, MN: all items 87.6, housing 65.1, gap -22.6 pointsPocatello, ID: all items 88.9, housing 66.4, gap -22.5 pointsReno, NV: all items 101.0, housing 123.5, gap 22.5 pointsSalt Lake City, UT: all items 100.9, housing 123.3, gap 22.4 pointsLa Crosse, WI: all items 91.8, housing 69.4, gap -22.4 pointsAustin, TX: all items 98.1, housing 120.4, gap 22.3 pointsGulfport, MS: all items 90.0, housing 67.9, gap -22.1 pointsRockford, IL: all items 92.2, housing 70.1, gap -22.1 pointsOrlando, FL: all items 101.4, housing 123.4, gap 22.0 pointsPittsfield, MA: all items 95.1, housing 73.5, gap -21.7 pointsAppleton, WI: all items 92.4, housing 70.8, gap -21.6 pointsGettysburg, PA: all items 95.4, housing 73.9, gap -21.5 pointsWichita Falls, TX: all items 89.5, housing 68.2, gap -21.3 pointsAugusta, GA: all items 91.9, housing 70.6, gap -21.3 pointsWausau, WI: all items 92.7, housing 71.5, gap -21.2 pointsSpringfield, IL: all items 92.7, housing 71.6, gap -21.1 pointsChampaign, IL: all items 92.7, housing 71.6, gap -21.1 pointsLittle Rock, AR: all items 89.4, housing 68.3, gap -21.1 pointsTulsa, OK: all items 89.2, housing 68.2, gap -21.0 pointsNiles, MI: all items 92.4, housing 71.6, gap -20.8 pointsDavenport, IA: all items 89.1, housing 68.3, gap -20.7 pointsWinston, NC: all items 92.0, housing 71.4, gap -20.7 pointsVictoria, TX: all items 89.8, housing 69.3, gap -20.5 pointsPueblo, CO: all items 91.8, housing 71.3, gap -20.5 pointsFort Wayne, IN: all items 92.6, housing 72.3, gap -20.3 pointsSpringfield, MA: all items 96.1, housing 75.8, gap -20.3 pointsColumbia, MO: all items 89.4, housing 69.2, gap -20.2 pointsJacksonville, NC: all items 92.1, housing 72.1, gap -20.0 pointsEau Claire, WI: all items 92.8, housing 72.8, gap -19.9 pointsBirmingham, AL: all items 91.6, housing 71.9, gap -19.8 pointsNew Haven, CT: all items 104.6, housing 124.3, gap 19.7 pointsPortland, OR: all items 105.4, housing 125.1, gap 19.7 pointsAmes, IA: all items 88.8, housing 69.2, gap -19.7 pointsMerced, CA: all items 98.3, housing 78.6, gap -19.6 pointsCasper, WY: all items 93.8, housing 74.2, gap -19.6 pointsFort Collins, CO: all items 101.1, housing 120.6, gap 19.5 pointsLewiston, ID: all items 91.2, housing 71.9, gap -19.2 pointsBeaumont, TX: all items 90.0, housing 70.9, gap -19.1 pointsSebring, FL: all items 92.5, housing 73.5, gap -19.0 pointsFlint, MI: all items 93.0, housing 74.0, gap -19.0 pointsYuma, AZ: all items 92.7, housing 73.8, gap -18.9 pointsFayetteville, NC: all items 92.0, housing 73.1, gap -18.9 pointsMonroe, MI: all items 93.5, housing 74.6, gap -18.9 pointsBloomington, IL: all items 93.5, housing 74.7, gap -18.8 pointsBangor, ME: all items 96.5, housing 77.7, gap -18.8 pointsCharleston, SC: all items 101.0, housing 119.8, gap 18.8 pointsEl Paso, TX: all items 89.9, housing 71.2, gap -18.7 pointsGlens Falls, NY: all items 94.9, housing 76.2, gap -18.6 pointsLawrence, KS: all items 90.2, housing 71.6, gap -18.6 pointsOshkosh, WI: all items 92.9, housing 74.4, gap -18.5 pointsHagerstown, MD: all items 94.2, housing 75.7, gap -18.4 pointsGreen Bay, WI: all items 93.1, housing 74.7, gap -18.4 pointsGreensboro, NC: all items 92.9, housing 74.5, gap -18.3 pointsBlacksburg, VA: all items 92.7, housing 74.4, gap -18.3 pointsMuskegon, MI: all items 92.5, housing 74.2, gap -18.3 pointsTwin Falls, ID: all items 92.1, housing 73.8, gap -18.3 pointsSouth Bend, IN: all items 92.9, housing 74.6, gap -18.3 pointsManhattan, KS: all items 90.2, housing 72.0, gap -18.2 pointsElmira, NY: all items 94.4, housing 76.4, gap -18.0 pointsPhoenix, AZ: all items 103.3, housing 121.2, gap 17.9 pointsGrants Pass, OR: all items 97.8, housing 79.9, gap -17.8 pointsDuluth, MN: all items 88.8, housing 71.1, gap -17.6 pointsOgden, UT: all items 100.3, housing 117.9, gap 17.6 pointsColumbus, IN: all items 93.0, housing 75.5, gap -17.5 pointsCedar Rapids, IA: all items 89.0, housing 71.4, gap -17.5 pointsClarksville, TN: all items 90.9, housing 73.8, gap -17.1 pointsLafayette, IN: all items 93.4, housing 76.4, gap -17.0 pointsRapid City, SD: all items 89.2, housing 72.6, gap -16.6 pointsBaton Rouge, LA: all items 90.8, housing 74.2, gap -16.6 pointsAkron, OH: all items 93.4, housing 76.8, gap -16.6 pointsAthens, GA: all items 93.3, housing 76.8, gap -16.6 pointsAbilene, TX: all items 90.4, housing 73.8, gap -16.6 pointsOklahoma City, OK: all items 90.4, housing 73.9, gap -16.5 pointsGreenville, SC: all items 93.3, housing 76.8, gap -16.4 pointsYork, PA: all items 96.0, housing 79.8, gap -16.2 pointsBillings, MT: all items 93.5, housing 77.4, gap -16.2 pointsSt. Louis, MO: all items 95.1, housing 79.0, gap -16.1 pointsCollege Station, TX: all items 91.0, housing 75.1, gap -15.9 pointsLexington, KY: all items 92.9, housing 77.1, gap -15.8 pointsVisalia, CA: all items 99.8, housing 84.1, gap -15.8 pointsColorado Springs, CO: all items 100.7, housing 116.2, gap 15.5 pointsTallahassee, FL: all items 93.9, housing 78.5, gap -15.4 pointsLas Vegas, NV: all items 100.2, housing 115.5, gap 15.3 pointsBurlington, NC: all items 93.2, housing 77.9, gap -15.3 pointsTraverse City, MI: all items 93.4, housing 78.1, gap -15.2 pointsHuntsville, AL: all items 93.1, housing 77.9, gap -15.1 pointsRoanoke, VA: all items 93.6, housing 78.5, gap -15.1 pointsSyracuse, NY: all items 95.7, housing 80.7, gap -15.1 pointsHomosassa Springs, FL: all items 93.5, housing 78.4, gap -15.0 pointsLongview, WA: all items 97.5, housing 82.5, gap -15.0 pointsLubbock, TX: all items 91.3, housing 76.4, gap -15.0 pointsChattanooga, TN: all items 91.5, housing 76.5, gap -14.9 pointsBuffalo, NY: all items 95.8, housing 81.0, gap -14.9 pointsDallas, TX: all items 103.1, housing 117.9, gap 14.8 pointsWarner Robins, GA: all items 93.8, housing 79.2, gap -14.6 pointsLouisville, KY: all items 93.1, housing 78.6, gap -14.5 pointsCleveland, OH: all items 93.9, housing 79.4, gap -14.5 pointsHinesville, GA: all items 93.9, housing 79.5, gap -14.5 pointsFayetteville, AR: all items 91.4, housing 76.9, gap -14.5 pointsLake Havasu City, AZ: all items 94.1, housing 79.8, gap -14.3 pointsColumbia, SC: all items 93.7, housing 79.5, gap -14.2 pointsJanesville, WI: all items 93.7, housing 79.6, gap -14.2 pointsBaltimore, MD: all items 104.5, housing 118.2, gap 13.7 pointsSheboygan, WI: all items 94.0, housing 80.5, gap -13.5 pointsAmarillo, TX: all items 91.8, housing 78.4, gap -13.4 pointsPort St. Lucie, FL: all items 100.2, housing 113.6, gap 13.4 pointsKalamazoo, MI: all items 94.8, housing 81.6, gap -13.3 pointsKilleen, TX: all items 91.1, housing 77.9, gap -13.2 pointsSioux Falls, SD: all items 90.6, housing 77.6, gap -13.0 pointsOlympia, WA: all items 103.7, housing 116.7, gap 13.0 pointsPunta Gorda, FL: all items 100.5, housing 113.3, gap 12.8 pointsHarrisonburg, VA: all items 94.9, housing 82.3, gap -12.6 pointsGreeley, CO: all items 100.2, housing 112.6, gap 12.4 pointsMemphis, TN: all items 92.2, housing 79.8, gap -12.4 pointsTyler, TX: all items 92.2, housing 79.9, gap -12.2 pointsRochester, MN: all items 90.8, housing 78.6, gap -12.2 pointsVineland, NJ: all items 96.0, housing 83.9, gap -12.1 pointsWalla Walla, WA: all items 98.5, housing 86.6, gap -11.9 pointsPalm Bay, FL: all items 100.0, housing 111.7, gap 11.7 pointsReading, PA: all items 97.1, housing 85.4, gap -11.6 pointsLansing, MI: all items 95.0, housing 83.5, gap -11.5 pointsRedding, CA: all items 100.7, housing 89.4, gap -11.3 pointsWenatchee, WA: all items 103.9, housing 115.0, gap 11.1 pointsState College, PA: all items 96.8, housing 85.7, gap -11.1 pointsMankato, MN: all items 91.0, housing 79.9, gap -11.1 pointsSan Angelo, TX: all items 92.5, housing 81.4, gap -11.0 pointsAtlanta, GA: all items 100.1, housing 111.0, gap 11.0 pointsFairbanks, AK: all items 103.2, housing 92.6, gap -10.6 pointsBakersfield, CA: all items 100.9, housing 90.3, gap -10.6 pointsPhiladelphia, PA: all items 102.6, housing 113.1, gap 10.6 pointsStockton, CA: all items 105.1, housing 115.6, gap 10.5 pointsMyrtle Beach, SC: all items 93.6, housing 83.1, gap -10.5 pointsWorcester, MA: all items 102.5, housing 113.0, gap 10.5 pointsIdaho Falls, ID: all items 94.4, housing 84.0, gap -10.4 pointsCorvallis, OR: all items 104.0, housing 114.4, gap 10.4 pointsJacksonville, FL: all items 99.5, housing 109.8, gap 10.3 pointsKahului, HI: all items 109.4, housing 119.2, gap 9.8 pointsKnoxville, TN: all items 92.6, housing 82.8, gap -9.8 pointsFargo, ND: all items 90.9, housing 81.1, gap -9.7 pointsBellingham, WA: all items 103.3, housing 112.9, gap 9.6 pointsRochester, NY: all items 97.0, housing 87.5, gap -9.6 pointsBloomington, IN: all items 95.1, housing 85.6, gap -9.5 pointsKingston, NY: all items 100.7, housing 110.2, gap 9.5 pointsChico, CA: all items 101.2, housing 91.9, gap -9.3 pointsSanta Fe, NM: all items 98.8, housing 108.0, gap 9.2 pointsSavannah, GA: all items 95.2, housing 86.0, gap -9.2 pointsGrand Junction, CO: all items 95.5, housing 86.4, gap -9.1 pointsWaco, TX: all items 92.5, housing 83.5, gap -9.0 pointsDeltona, FL: all items 99.4, housing 108.4, gap 9.0 pointsOcala, FL: all items 95.2, housing 86.2, gap -9.0 pointsGrand Rapids, MI: all items 95.5, housing 86.6, gap -8.9 pointsFlagstaff, AZ: all items 100.3, housing 109.0, gap 8.6 pointsChicago, IL: all items 103.6, housing 112.0, gap 8.4 pointsBarnstable Town, MA: all items 98.4, housing 90.0, gap -8.3 pointsNashville, TN: all items 96.3, housing 104.6, gap 8.3 pointsHanford, CA: all items 101.6, housing 93.5, gap -8.1 pointsCharlottesville, VA: all items 99.1, housing 107.0, gap 7.9 pointsCorpus Christi, TX: all items 92.7, housing 84.9, gap -7.8 pointsCincinnati, OH: all items 95.4, housing 87.6, gap -7.8 pointsColumbus, OH: all items 95.5, housing 87.9, gap -7.5 pointsIowa City, IA: all items 91.5, housing 84.0, gap -7.5 pointsHartford, CT: all items 102.7, housing 110.2, gap 7.5 pointsLincoln, NE: all items 91.6, housing 84.2, gap -7.4 pointsCoeur d'Alene, ID: all items 98.3, housing 105.6, gap 7.3 pointsBoise City, ID: all items 98.4, housing 105.6, gap 7.2 pointsMinneapolis, MN: all items 104.8, housing 111.8, gap 7.0 pointsBismarck, ND: all items 91.0, housing 84.0, gap -7.0 pointsDes Moines, IA: all items 91.7, housing 84.7, gap -7.0 pointsNorwich, CT: all items 100.4, housing 93.7, gap -6.8 pointsIndianapolis, IN: all items 95.7, housing 88.9, gap -6.8 pointsSalem, OR: all items 103.6, housing 110.3, gap 6.7 pointsCheyenne, WY: all items 96.5, housing 89.8, gap -6.7 pointsNew Orleans, LA: all items 92.6, housing 86.0, gap -6.6 pointsWinchester, VA: all items 96.5, housing 90.0, gap -6.4 pointsFresno, CA: all items 102.2, housing 95.7, gap -6.4 pointsAlbuquerque, NM: all items 95.5, housing 89.2, gap -6.4 pointsBend, OR: all items 103.6, housing 110.0, gap 6.4 pointsKansas City, MO: all items 92.5, housing 86.6, gap -5.9 pointsHouston, TX: all items 98.6, housing 104.5, gap 5.9 pointsProvo, UT: all items 98.2, housing 104.1, gap 5.8 pointsMount Vernon, WA: all items 102.4, housing 108.2, gap 5.7 pointsMidland, TX: all items 95.8, housing 101.5, gap 5.7 pointsDetroit, MI: all items 100.3, housing 94.7, gap -5.6 pointsAllentown, PA: all items 100.0, housing 105.5, gap 5.6 pointsDaphne, AL: all items 94.7, housing 89.2, gap -5.5 pointsHelena, MT: all items 95.7, housing 90.1, gap -5.5 pointsOmaha, NE: all items 91.9, housing 86.4, gap -5.5 pointsRaleigh, NC: all items 98.2, housing 103.5, gap 5.3 pointsKennewick, WA: all items 100.1, housing 94.8, gap -5.3 pointsTucson, AZ: all items 96.9, housing 91.8, gap -5.1 pointsLogan, UT: all items 95.9, housing 91.0, gap -5.0 pointsAnchorage, AK: all items 105.4, housing 109.9, gap 4.5 pointsLancaster, PA: all items 98.3, housing 93.8, gap -4.4 pointsModesto, CA: all items 104.1, housing 108.5, gap 4.4 pointsSherman, TX: all items 93.8, housing 89.5, gap -4.3 pointsOdessa, TX: all items 93.9, housing 89.7, gap -4.2 pointsYuba City, CA: all items 104.2, housing 108.3, gap 4.0 pointsRacine, WI: all items 96.0, housing 92.0, gap -3.9 pointsMedford, OR: all items 101.4, housing 97.7, gap -3.8 pointsGainesville, FL: all items 96.7, housing 93.0, gap -3.8 pointsKankakee, IL: all items 96.4, housing 92.9, gap -3.5 pointsSebastian, FL: all items 98.3, housing 101.6, gap 3.3 pointsPortland, ME: all items 101.9, housing 105.2, gap 3.3 pointsSpokane, WA: all items 100.3, housing 97.1, gap -3.3 pointsGainesville, GA: all items 96.8, housing 93.5, gap -3.3 pointsHilton Head Island, SC: all items 98.0, housing 101.2, gap 3.2 pointsEugene, OR: all items 101.6, housing 98.3, gap -3.2 pointsWilmington, NC: all items 96.4, housing 93.2, gap -3.2 pointsAsheville, NC: all items 96.5, housing 93.4, gap -3.1 pointsCarson City, NV: all items 98.1, housing 101.2, gap 3.0 pointsAlbany, NY: all items 99.6, housing 102.6, gap 3.0 pointsBurlington, VT: all items 100.9, housing 103.8, gap 2.9 pointsMadison, WI: all items 97.3, housing 99.7, gap 2.5 pointsHarrisburg, PA: all items 98.7, housing 96.3, gap -2.4 pointsCrestview, FL: all items 97.0, housing 94.9, gap -2.1 pointsProvidence, RI: all items 101.8, housing 103.9, gap 2.1 pointsVirginia Beach, VA: all items 97.9, housing 99.8, gap 1.9 pointsDover, DE: all items 97.5, housing 95.9, gap -1.6 pointsMissoula, MT: all items 96.4, housing 94.9, gap -1.5 pointsDurham, NC: all items 97.6, housing 98.9, gap 1.4 pointsRichmond, VA: all items 97.9, housing 99.1, gap 1.3 pointsLakeland, FL: all items 97.1, housing 95.9, gap -1.2 pointsPensacola, FL: all items 97.7, housing 98.8, gap 1.1 pointsAlbany, OR: all items 102.1, housing 101.1, gap -1.0 pointsPanama City, FL: all items 97.3, housing 96.4, gap -0.9 pointsSt. George, UT: all items 97.3, housing 98.1, gap 0.8 pointsCharlotte, NC: all items 97.3, housing 97.6, gap 0.3 pointsGreat Falls, MT: all items 96.8, housing 97.1, gap 0.3 pointsAtlantic City, NJ: all items 98.9, housing 98.7, gap -0.2 pointsMilwaukee, WI: all items 96.9, housing 97.1, gap 0.2 pointsSan Antonio, TX: all items 94.7, housing 94.6, gap -0.1 pointsSan JoseNapaSan FranciscoSan DiegoOxnardLos AngelesBEA all-items RPP →BEA housing RPP →
RPP compares price levels across places for 2024; it is not annual inflation. Orange points carry a positive housing-minus-all-items gap, while emerald points carry a negative gap.
Decision table

The first 24 rows, with a path to the underlying market

378 total rows Download all rows
Largest absolute gaps between BEA housing and all-items regional price levels
Gap rankMetroAll itemsHousingGapMarket rentRent / incomeJobs YoYOpen
1San Jose, CABEA RPP 2024110.4211.9101.5 pts$3,72927.6%1.4%Open explorer
2Napa, CABEA RPP 2024112.6197.484.9 pts$2,81530.3%0.7%Open explorer
3San Francisco, CABEA RPP 2024115.6194.779.1 pts$3,30129.1%0.1%Open explorer
4San Diego, CABEA RPP 2024111.9179.367.4 pts$2,99133.8%0.3%Open explorer
5Oxnard, CABEA RPP 2024110.5171.160.6 pts$2,95732.3%-0.3%Open explorer
6Los Angeles, CABEA RPP 2024113.6170.456.9 pts$2,92736.6%-0.1%Open explorer
7Santa Cruz, CABEA RPP 2024109.9164.354.4 pts$3,60939.0%0.7%Open explorer
8Boulder, COBEA RPP 2024105.2157.051.8 pts$2,29726.5%-0.9%Open explorer
9Johnstown, PABEA RPP 202485.942.3-43.6 pts$86317.7%-1.0%Open explorer
10Bridgeport, CTBEA RPP 2024106.9150.543.6 pts$2,87030.1%0.4%Open explorer
11Santa Maria, CABEA RPP 2024108.8151.442.6 pts$3,29440.3%0.3%Open explorer
12Washington, DCBEA RPP 2024108.9151.142.3 pts$2,44823.2%-2.3%Open explorer
13Miami, FLBEA RPP 2024114.2155.641.4 pts$2,69542.3%-0.3%Open explorer
14Parkersburg, WVBEA RPP 202487.145.9-41.2 pts$1,00321.0%-1.5%Open explorer
15Denver, COBEA RPP 2024105.8146.941.1 pts$1,93021.9%-0.1%Open explorer
16Monroe, LABEA RPP 202483.642.8-40.8 pts$1,27129.5%1.1%Open explorer
17Seattle, WABEA RPP 2024111.1151.340.2 pts$2,26923.6%-0.1%Open explorer
18Boston, MABEA RPP 2024108.3148.440.2 pts$3,21033.3%-0.8%Open explorer
19Charleston, WVBEA RPP 202488.751.4-37.3 pts$1,30025.9%-0.7%Open explorer
20Paducah, KYBEA RPP 202486.148.8-37.3 pts$1,27323.8%0.6%Open explorer
21Huntington, WVBEA RPP 202488.451.3-37.2 pts$1,07821.5%0.4%Open explorer
22Florence, ALBEA RPP 202484.847.7-37.1 pts$1,12221.8%0.0%Open explorer
23Dothan, ALBEA RPP 202483.846.9-37.0 pts$1,23025.6%0.6%Open explorer
24Wheeling, WVBEA RPP 202488.351.4-36.9 pts$91919.2%-0.6%Open explorer

The visible table is intentionally limited for reading. The CSV contains every row that passes the printed inclusion rule.

Reproduce the screen

Inclusion first, interpretation second.

Include every current metropolitan statistical area with direct 2024 BEA all-items, goods, housing, utilities and other-services RPP values, plus current Zillow rent, ACS household income and a named BLS employment series. Micropolitan areas do not enter because BEA does not publish an equivalent direct MSA RPP record for them.

Methodology version: v10

Method

  1. Each RPP is an index with the United States equal to 100; 110 means a price level ten percent above the national level for that category, not ten percent annual inflation.
  2. Housing premium subtracts the metro all-items RPP from its housing RPP. Positive points mean housing sits above that metro's broader price level; negative points mean it sits below.
  3. Rows are ordered by the absolute housing gap. Zillow rent, ACS median household income and BLS employment are context only and never blended into a score or purchasing-power estimate.

Counter-signals

  • A high housing RPP does not identify the rent or price of a particular property, bedroom count or neighborhood.
  • Zillow asking rent and BEA housing RPP have different concepts and source universes; their juxtaposition is descriptive, not a conversion formula.
  • Employment change can strengthen or weaken demand while leaving the measured regional price-level relationship unchanged.

Limitations

  • RPP is a spatial price-level comparison for one year, not a cost-of-living forecast or an inflation rate.
  • BEA RPP is available here for metropolitan statistical areas only; no metro value is assigned to micropolitan, county or city pages.
  • ACS household income covers all households and is not renter income; the study does not claim that a household can afford the displayed housing level.
Move from market to deal

Use the study to narrow the question—not to skip underwriting.

Open a market for its supply, affordability, migration and risk context. Compare a deliberate substitute, then bring a real property price, rent and expenses into the stress test.

Explore regional price levels Stress-test a dealOpen curated comparisons
Source vintages

Every input release used by this study

Release and retrieval dates stay visible so a reader can tell whether two measures describe the same moment.

acs incomeCensus ACS 5-year — household incomeACS 2024 5-year · retrieved 2026-08-02bea rppBEA Regional Price Parities — metropolitan price levels2024 Regional Price Parities (released 2026-02-19); history 2008-2024 · retrieved 2026-08-03bls cesBLS CES — payroll employmentCES SM current · retrieved 2026-07-26bls lausBLS LAUS — resident employmentLAUS current · retrieved 2026-07-26cbsa delineationOMB/BLS delineation — metro geographyOMB July 2023 delineation · retrieved 2026-07-30zillow zoriZillow ZORI — metro market rentsMetro_zori_uc_sfrcondomfr_sm_sa_month.csv · retrieved 2026-07-26