Counties / Wisconsin / Columbia County

Columbia County, WI

FIPS 55021 · population 58,272 · part of Madison, WI

$364k
Zillow home value · 2026-06
The numbers

What this county costs and earns

Everything here joins on the county FIPS code, so each figure comes from the agency that publishes it with no name matching in between.

Zillow home value
$364k
▲ 5.2% year over year
Zillow ZHVI · direct
Median asking rent
$1,275
n/a year over year
Zillow ZORI · direct
Gross yield
4.2%
annual rent ÷ price, before costs
derived: rent × 12 ÷ price ✓
HUD 2-bed standard
$1,195
market rent is 1.07x the standard
HUD Fair Market Rent · direct
Independent price check

Do two methods point the same way?

Zillow estimates a current home value. FHFA tracks repeat mortgage transactions. Their growth rates should be read side by side, not averaged.

Both annual signals move in the same direction
FHFA five-year cumulative+54.4%not annualized · through 2025
0%ZILLOW ZHVI2026-06+5.2%FHFA HPI2025+5.7%
Annual changes use different methods and may use different periods. The comparison checks direction and magnitude; it does not create a blended estimate. Zillow county ZHVI pulled 2026-07-26; FHFA annual county HPI pulled 2026-07-28.
Owner-reported value$283k
Surveyed gross rent$978
Rent burden 30%+35.1%
Median year built1976
Housing composition

Who occupies the stock—and what it is

ACS 2024 5-year
10.1%vacant
26,880estimated housing units
Occupied tenure23.3% renter
owner 76.7%renter 23.3%
Structure mix80.2% single-family
Single-family 80.2%20+ units 3.2%Mobile home 2.7%Other 13.9%
ACS estimates describe the standing housing stock and occupied tenure. They do not measure current listings, transaction prices or asking rents.

Survey source: Census ACS 5-year — county housing value, tenure and stock · ACS 2024 5-year · pulled 2026-07-30. These values describe different housing universes and are not combined into gross yield.

Annual average covered jobs21,746▼ 1.0% from the prior annual release
Covered establishments1,814annual average reporting locations
Average weekly wage$1,060▲ 4.6% from the prior annual release
Largest private supersectorManufacturing27.8% of disclosed private covered jobs
Local labor base

Jobs, pay and private-sector concentration

2025
0%COVERED JOBS−1.0%WEEKLY WAGE+4.6%Manufacturing27.8%
Annual QCEW counts cover jobs located at reporting establishments. The industry share uses disclosed private covered employment; it is not a resident-employment measure or a forecast.

Workplace source: BLS QCEW — county employment and wages · annual county employment and wages 2025 vs 2024 · pulled 2026-07-31. QCEW counts covered jobs located in the county, not employed residents or the metro score’s CES/LAUS series.

County brief

What the local evidence says

01Decision frame

Columbia County presents a price/rent and carrying-cost tension: values have risen, while published gross yield is modest before costs and workplace employment softened. It merits investigation by buyers able to verify unit-level rent, taxes and hail coverage; leverage-sensitive buyers should be cautious. The key question is whether unit economics survive property-specific costs and achievable rent. Zillow’s county value change was 5.24%, while FHFA’s annual repeat-transaction HPI increased 5.73%. These directional readings align, but use different methods and observation periods; FHFA is an index, not a home value.

02Housing economics

Zillow reports a $364,139 median home value, $1,275 monthly median asking rent and a stated 4.20% gross yield before operating costs. This is market asking rent. HUD’s $1,195 FMR is a payment standard, not rent; asking rent is 6.70% above it. The 1.36% effective tax rate and $3,855 median annual tax require carrying-cost review; insurance, repairs and financing costs are not published.

03Demand & competition

Demand evidence is mixed. QCEW county workplace covered employment fell 0.99%, and Manufacturing, the largest disclosed private supersector, held 27.78% of private covered jobs; this is neither resident employment nor unemployment. Tax-return migration was net negative 96 households, but inbound movers’ average income was $671 higher. Realtor.com MLS listings had 15.67% price reductions, a seller-concession measure rather than a sale-price or demand measure. Investor buyers were 44 of 659 purchases, or 6.68%, leaving their property type and financing unknown.

04Risk & next checks

Hail is the dominant hazard; modeled expected annual building-value loss is 0.26%, not an insurance quote or parcel loss estimate. Missing property-level insurance/deductibles, roof condition, lease evidence, vacancy, operating expenses, debt terms and closed-sale comparables prevent net-yield, debt-coverage and exit-price conclusions. Next checks are insurance and tax bills, rent rolls, inspections, local vacancy/turnover data and sale comparables.

Cities & communities

Where people live within Columbia County

Census-recognized incorporated places and CDPs that intersect this county. The list does not pretend to include every neighborhood or informal community.

Population scale

Largest Census places

ACS 2024 5-year
Portage city10.2KColumbus city*5.5KLake Wisconsin CDP*5.4KLodi city3.2KPoynette village2.7KWisconsin Dells city*2.5KFall River village1.7KPardeeville village1.7K
Bars use total place population, not a county-share estimate. An asterisk marks a place that crosses a county line.
Official directory

16 Census places

Population
  1. 01
    Portage cityIncorporated place
    10,236
  2. 02
    Columbus cityIncorporated place · spans 2 counties
    5,488
  3. 03
    Lake Wisconsin CDPCensus-designated place · spans 2 counties
    5,384
  4. 04
    Lodi cityIncorporated place
    3,204
  5. 05
    Poynette villageIncorporated place
    2,678
  6. 06
    Wisconsin Dells cityIncorporated place · spans 4 counties
    2,547
  7. 07
    Fall River villageIncorporated place
    1,678
  8. 08
    Pardeeville villageIncorporated place
    1,672
  9. 09
    Randolph villageIncorporated place · spans 2 counties
    1,642
  10. 10
    Rio villageIncorporated place
    1,141
  11. 11
    Arlington villageIncorporated place
    946
  12. 12
    Cambria villageIncorporated place
    795
Show 4 more places
  1. 13
    Wyocena villageIncorporated place
    676
  2. 14
    Friesland villageIncorporated place
    297
  3. 15
    Dekorra CDPCensus-designated place
    161
  4. 16
    Doylestown villageIncorporated place
    160

Population is the total place-wide ACS estimate, not an allocated county share. A place crossing a county line is labelled explicitly. Source: Census ACS 5-year — cities and communities · ACS 2024 5-year · pulled 2026-07-30.

Risk, demand and competition

The three things a price does not tell you

01
Risk & carrying costFEMA NRI + Census ACS
Dominant hazardhail

0.259% of building value expected lost per year

Effective property tax1.36%

$3,855 median annual bill

02
DemandIRS SOI household flows
Net migration-96

1,781 in · 1,877 out

Arriving vs leaving income+$671

$60,592 arriving · $59,921 leaving

03
CompetitionHMDA financed purchases
Purchases by investors6.7%

44 of 659 mortgages

investorother financed
Current listing pressure

What sellers and visible supply are doing

Realtor.com® Economic Research · county inventory 2026-06 · pulled 2026-07-28
Active listings135▲ 5.5% year over year
Median days on market52▼ 7.9% year over year
Listings price-reduced15.7%seller-concession signal
Median listing pricen/a▲ 20.8% year over year

Listing price is an asking price, not a closed sale. Quality-flagged county rows are withheld instead of displayed.

Same metro

The other counties in Madison, WI

A metro is an average of these. Which side of a county line a property sits on can change the tax bill, the hazard profile and the tenant pool.

CountyPopulationPriceRentYieldHazard
Columbia County58,272$364k$1,2754.2%hail
Dane County572,674$477k$1,6824.2%inland flooding
Green County37,017$339k$1,5675.5%inland flooding
Iowa County23,867$345kn/an/ainland flooding
Bear case

What can break the county thesis

  1. Property-level insurance or hail-related roof costs could materially exceed county-level assumptions.
  2. Published asking rent may not equal achieved rent after concessions, vacancy or turnover.
  3. County-level employment, migration and listing evidence may not describe the subject neighborhood or property type.
Underwriting questions

Before pricing a property

Is the published rent a market-rent measure or a HUD payment standard?

It is median monthly asking rent; the HUD FMR is separately a payment standard.

What workforce measure is available?

QCEW provides annual average covered employment at workplaces in the county, not resident employment or unemployment.

Can hail exposure be priced from this record?

No. It identifies hail and a modeled loss ratio, but does not publish parcel-level insurance quotes.