Counties / Pennsylvania / Lancaster County

Lancaster County, PA

FIPS 42071 · population 557,931 · part of Lancaster, PA

$393k
Zillow home value · 2026-06
The numbers

What this county costs and earns

Everything here joins on the county FIPS code, so each figure comes from the agency that publishes it with no name matching in between.

Zillow home value
$393k
▲ 4.7% year over year
Zillow ZHVI · direct
Median asking rent
$1,533
▲ 3.7% year over year
Zillow ZORI · direct
Gross yield
4.7%
annual rent ÷ price, before costs
derived: rent × 12 ÷ price ✓
HUD 2-bed standard
$1,526
market rent is 1.00x the standard
HUD Fair Market Rent · direct
Independent price check

Do two methods point the same way?

Zillow estimates a current home value. FHFA tracks repeat mortgage transactions. Their growth rates should be read side by side, not averaged.

Both annual signals move in the same direction
FHFA five-year cumulative+58.6%not annualized · through 2025
0%ZILLOW ZHVI2026-06+4.7%FHFA HPI2025+5.0%
Annual changes use different methods and may use different periods. The comparison checks direction and magnitude; it does not create a blended estimate. Zillow county ZHVI pulled 2026-07-26; FHFA annual county HPI pulled 2026-07-28.
Owner-reported value$301k
Surveyed gross rent$1,357
Rent burden 30%+46.4%
Median year built1978
Housing composition

Who occupies the stock—and what it is

ACS 2024 5-year
2.9%vacant
219,224estimated housing units
Occupied tenure30.2% renter
owner 69.8%renter 30.2%
Structure mix76.3% single-family
Single-family 76.3%20+ units 5.6%Mobile home 3.7%Other 14.3%
ACS estimates describe the standing housing stock and occupied tenure. They do not measure current listings, transaction prices or asking rents.

Survey source: Census ACS 5-year — county housing value, tenure and stock · ACS 2024 5-year · pulled 2026-07-30. These values describe different housing universes and are not combined into gross yield.

Annual average covered jobs254,215▲ 0.9% from the prior annual release
Covered establishments14,746annual average reporting locations
Average weekly wage$1,201▲ 4.2% from the prior annual release
Largest private supersectorTrade, transportation, and utilities24.1% of disclosed private covered jobs
Local labor base

Jobs, pay and private-sector concentration

2025
0%COVERED JOBS+0.9%WEEKLY WAGE+4.2%Trade, transportation, and utilities24.1%
Annual QCEW counts cover jobs located at reporting establishments. The industry share uses disclosed private covered employment; it is not a resident-employment measure or a forecast.

Workplace source: BLS QCEW — county employment and wages · annual county employment and wages 2025 vs 2024 · pulled 2026-07-31. QCEW counts covered jobs located in the county, not employed residents or the metro score’s CES/LAUS series.

County brief

What the local evidence says

01Decision frame

Lancaster County presents a narrow underwriting tension: reported market rent supports a measurable entry yield, while property taxes, inland-flood exposure and a softer visible listing backdrop can erode it. It merits investigation by owners able to obtain property-level flood and expense evidence; buyers relying on appreciation or minimal carrying costs should be cautious. At Zillow’s county observation, median home value was $392,780 and median asking rent was $1,533 per month, with reported gross yield of 4.68% before costs.

02Housing economics

Zillow county value rose 4.67% year over year while asking rent grew 3.69%, a current yield-screen tension rather than a forecast. Separately, FHFA’s annual repeat-transaction HPI increased 5.02% and 58.58% cumulatively over five years; it supports positive price direction but is not a dollar home value and cannot be blended with Zillow because the observations have distinct vintages and methods. HUD’s two-bedroom FMR is a payment standard, not asking rent; the record’s rent-to-FMR ratio places market rent 0.5% above it. The 1.32% effective tax rate and $3,975 median annual tax make gross yield insufficient for a cash-flow conclusion.

03Demand & competition

Realtor.com’s MLS snapshot showed 538 active listings, up 8.81%, while median listing price was down 0.3% and 11.3% of listings had a price reduction. These are asking-price, visible-supply and seller-concession indicators—not closed-sale prices or standalone proof of buyer demand. Net migration was negative, while inbound movers had higher average AGI than outbound movers, giving a mixed household-demand signal. Investor purchase mortgages represented 10.45% of 4,708 purchases, indicating non-occupant participation without describing every transaction type or neighborhood.

04Risk & next checks

Annual QCEW workplace employment grew 0.86%, and the covered-worker average weekly wage was $1,201; neither measure is resident employment, household income, unemployment or a forecast. Trade, transportation, and utilities is the largest disclosed private supersector, not the whole county economy. Modeled climate loss equals 0.13% of building value per year, consistent with inland-flood risk, but is not property-specific insurance pricing. Missing vacancy, operating costs, debt terms, property-level flood zones and insurance quotes, unit-level rent comparables, and closed-sale comparables prevent calculation of NOI or cap rate and limit hazard, leveraged-return and resale underwriting.

Cities & communities

Where people live within Lancaster County

Census-recognized incorporated places and CDPs that intersect this county. The list does not pretend to include every neighborhood or informal community.

Population scale

Largest Census places

ACS 2024 5-year
Lancaster city57.7KEphrata borough13.8KElizabethtown borough11.9KColumbia borough10.3KWillow Street CDP9.6KLititz borough9.6KMillersville borough9KMount Joy borough8.3K
Bars use total place population, not a county-share estimate. An asterisk marks a place that crosses a county line.
Official directory

66 Census places

Population
  1. 01
    Lancaster cityIncorporated place
    57,719
  2. 02
    Ephrata boroughIncorporated place
    13,772
  3. 03
    Elizabethtown boroughIncorporated place
    11,925
  4. 04
    Columbia boroughIncorporated place
    10,278
  5. 05
    Willow Street CDPCensus-designated place
    9,647
  6. 06
    Lititz boroughIncorporated place
    9,619
  7. 07
    Millersville boroughIncorporated place
    8,982
  8. 08
    Mount Joy boroughIncorporated place
    8,344
  9. 09
    Leola CDPCensus-designated place
    7,448
  10. 10
    New Holland boroughIncorporated place
    5,780
  11. 11
    Manheim boroughIncorporated place
    5,027
  12. 12
    East Petersburg boroughIncorporated place
    4,591
Show 54 more places
  1. 13
    Maytown CDPCensus-designated place
    4,443
  2. 14
    Akron boroughIncorporated place
    4,143
  3. 15
    Denver boroughIncorporated place
    3,771
  4. 16
    Brownstown CDPCensus-designated place
    3,650
  5. 17
    Reamstown CDPCensus-designated place
    3,468
  6. 18
    Salunga CDPCensus-designated place
    3,355
  7. 19
    Strasburg boroughIncorporated place
    3,109
  8. 20
    Mountville boroughIncorporated place
    3,004
  9. 21
    Bowmansville CDPCensus-designated place
    2,959
  10. 22
    Rothsville CDPCensus-designated place
    2,934
  11. 23
    Marietta boroughIncorporated place
    2,886
  12. 24
    Quarryville boroughIncorporated place
    2,856
  13. 25
    Rheems CDPCensus-designated place
    2,426
  14. 26
    Landisville CDPCensus-designated place
    2,168
  15. 27
    Reinholds CDPCensus-designated place
    2,168
  16. 28
    Lampeter CDPCensus-designated place
    2,140
  17. 29
    Gap CDPCensus-designated place
    2,128
  18. 30
    Adamstown boroughIncorporated place · spans 2 counties
    2,023
  19. 31
    Swartzville CDPCensus-designated place
    1,799
  20. 32
    Intercourse CDPCensus-designated place
    1,588
  21. 33
    Morgantown CDPCensus-designated place · spans 2 counties
    1,381
  22. 34
    Bainbridge CDPCensus-designated place
    1,376
  23. 35
    Clay CDPCensus-designated place
    1,362
  24. 36
    Blue Ball CDPCensus-designated place
    1,284
  25. 37
    Brickerville CDPCensus-designated place
    1,257
  26. 38
    Penryn CDPCensus-designated place
    1,257
  27. 39
    Conestoga CDPCensus-designated place
    1,243
  28. 40
    Paradise CDPCensus-designated place
    1,091
  29. 41
    East Earl CDPCensus-designated place
    1,050
  30. 42
    Schoeneck CDPCensus-designated place
    1,018
  31. 43
    Terre Hill boroughIncorporated place
    1,004
  32. 44
    Christiana boroughIncorporated place
    998
  33. 45
    Fivepointville CDPCensus-designated place
    904
  34. 46
    Farmersville CDPCensus-designated place
    870
  35. 47
    Stevens CDPCensus-designated place
    799
  36. 48
    Georgetown CDP (Lancaster County)Census place
    784
  37. 49
    Churchtown CDPCensus-designated place
    763
  38. 50
    Hopeland CDPCensus-designated place
    760
  39. 51
    Rohrerstown CDPCensus-designated place
    706
  40. 52
    Washington Boro CDPCensus-designated place
    663
  41. 53
    Soudersburg CDPCensus-designated place
    592
  42. 54
    Cambridge CDPCensus-designated place · spans 2 counties
    576
  43. 55
    Wakefield CDPCensus-designated place
    573
  44. 56
    Bird-in-Hand CDPCensus-designated place
    537
  45. 57
    Witmer CDPCensus-designated place
    527
  46. 58
    Falmouth CDPCensus-designated place
    521
  47. 59
    Little Britain CDPCensus-designated place
    439
  48. 60
    Smoketown CDPCensus-designated place
    342
  49. 61
    Refton CDPCensus-designated place
    321
  50. 62
    Gordonville CDPCensus-designated place
    310
  51. 63
    Kirkwood CDPCensus-designated place
    307
  52. 64
    Goodville CDPCensus-designated place
    205
  53. 65
    Ronks CDPCensus-designated place
    202
  54. 66
    Hinkletown CDPCensus-designated place
    181

Population is the total place-wide ACS estimate, not an allocated county share. A place crossing a county line is labelled explicitly. Source: Census ACS 5-year — cities and communities · ACS 2024 5-year · pulled 2026-07-30.

Risk, demand and competition

The three things a price does not tell you

01
Risk & carrying costFEMA NRI + Census ACS
Dominant hazardinland flooding

0.125% of building value expected lost per year

Effective property tax1.32%

$3,975 median annual bill

02
DemandIRS SOI household flows
Net migration-23

9,507 in · 9,530 out

Arriving vs leaving income+$5,804

$68,396 arriving · $62,592 leaving

03
CompetitionHMDA financed purchases
Purchases by investors10.4%

492 of 4,708 mortgages

investorother financed
Current listing pressure

What sellers and visible supply are doing

Realtor.com® Economic Research · county inventory 2026-06 · pulled 2026-07-28
Active listings538▲ 8.8% year over year
Median days on market29▼ 3.3% year over year
Listings price-reduced11.3%seller-concession signal
Median listing pricen/a▼ 0.3% year over year

Listing price is an asking price, not a closed sale. Quality-flagged county rows are withheld instead of displayed.

Bear case

What can break the county thesis

  1. Flood-zone status and insurance costs at a target property could differ materially from the county-level climate screen.
  2. Target-unit rents, vacancy and operating costs may not support the reported gross-yield screen.
  3. MLS listings and purchase-mortgage shares may not match closed-sale liquidity or buyer competition in a selected neighborhood.
Underwriting questions

Before pricing a property

Is HUD Fair Market Rent a measure of Lancaster County asking rent?

No. It is a two-bedroom payment standard; the record separately publishes median asking rent.

Does the record establish a net cap rate?

No. It publishes gross yield but lacks vacancy and operating costs needed to derive NOI.

What labor measure is supplied for the county?

Annual QCEW covered employment at workplaces in the county, with wages for covered workers; it is not resident employment.