Counties / Montana / Carbon County

Carbon County, MT

FIPS 30009 · population 11,116 · part of Billings, MT

$523k
Zillow home value · 2026-06
The numbers

What this county costs and earns

Everything here joins on the county FIPS code, so each figure comes from the agency that publishes it with no name matching in between.

Zillow home value
$523k
▲ 4.5% year over year
Zillow ZHVI · direct
ACS median gross rent
$844
occupied-unit survey; not current asking rent
Census ACS · surveyed
Gross yield
n/a
gross yield cannot be computed without measured market rent
requires both measured price and measured rent
HUD 2-bed standard
$1,417
the Section 8 payment standard
HUD Fair Market Rent · direct
Independent price check

Do two methods point the same way?

Zillow estimates a current home value. FHFA tracks repeat mortgage transactions. Their growth rates should be read side by side, not averaged.

Both annual signals move in the same direction
FHFA five-year cumulative+62.4%not annualized · through 2025
0%ZILLOW ZHVI2026-06+4.5%FHFA HPI2025+0.4%
Annual changes use different methods and may use different periods. The comparison checks direction and magnitude; it does not create a blended estimate. Zillow county ZHVI pulled 2026-07-26; FHFA annual county HPI pulled 2026-07-28.
Owner-reported value$421k
Surveyed gross rent$844
Rent burden 30%+32.7%
Median year built1977
Housing composition

Who occupies the stock—and what it is

ACS 2024 5-year
27.8%vacant
6,455estimated housing units
Occupied tenure22.0% renter
owner 78.0%renter 22.0%
Structure mix82.9% single-family
Single-family 82.9%20+ units 1.2%Mobile home 7.8%Other 8.1%
ACS estimates describe the standing housing stock and occupied tenure. They do not measure current listings, transaction prices or asking rents.

Survey source: Census ACS 5-year — county housing value, tenure and stock · ACS 2024 5-year · pulled 2026-07-30. These values describe different housing universes and are not combined into gross yield.

Annual average covered jobs3,141▲ 2.9% from the prior annual release
Covered establishments630annual average reporting locations
Average weekly wage$987▲ 8.1% from the prior annual release
Largest private supersectorLeisure and hospitality29.3% of disclosed private covered jobs
Local labor base

Jobs, pay and private-sector concentration

2025
0%COVERED JOBS+2.9%WEEKLY WAGE+8.1%Leisure and hospitality29.3%
Annual QCEW counts cover jobs located at reporting establishments. The industry share uses disclosed private covered employment; it is not a resident-employment measure or a forecast.

Workplace source: BLS QCEW — county employment and wages · annual county employment and wages 2025 vs 2024 · pulled 2026-07-31. QCEW counts covered jobs located in the county, not employed residents or the metro score’s CES/LAUS series.

County brief

What the local evidence says

01Decision frame

Carbon County is an investigate-not-assume rental case for buyers relying on price appreciation. Zillow’s county median home value was $522,510, up 4.46% year over year in 2026-06, while FHFA’s 2025 repeat-transaction HPI rose 0.40%. These different-vintage, different-method measures cannot be averaged, leaving price momentum unsettled. Realtor.com’s 2026-06 MLS evidence is softer: median asking price fell 1.41%, active listings rose 16.73%, and median days on market was 76. These are asking-price, visible-supply and marketing-time evidence, not closed sales or demand proof.

02Housing economics

Housing economics do not yet support a rental-return conclusion. County market rent is not published, so gross yield cannot be computed against the Zillow value. The $1,417 two-bedroom HUD Fair Market Rent is a payment standard, not market asking rent, and cannot replace it. The effective property-tax rate is 0.54%; test it against parcel assessment rather than applying it directly to the Zillow value. Lease terms, vacancy, insurance and operating costs are not published, preventing coverage analysis.

03Demand & competition

Demand evidence is mixed and county-specific. QCEW reports 3,141 annual average covered jobs at county workplaces, not resident employment or unemployment. Leisure and hospitality, the largest disclosed private supersector, represented 29.32% of private covered jobs; trace this concentration to tenant seasonality rather than calling it the whole economy. Tax-return movers produced net migration of 51, and average income among inbound movers exceeded outbound movers by $15,094; neither measure identifies renters, timing or causes. Investors made 21 of 135 purchases, or 15.56%, indicating some buyer competition but not investor pricing or rental demand.

04Risk & next checks

Risk limits remain material. Inland flood is the dominant hazard, and modeled annual climate loss equals 0.40% of building value; this county-level model does not establish a property’s flood exposure, insurance availability, deductible or mitigation cost. Price measures differ by source and period, while closed-sale comps, market rent, rent growth, vacancy, parcel-level assessment, insurance quotes and property condition are not published. Obtain them before testing acquisition price, achievable rent, expense load and flood resilience; without them, neither gross yield nor a property-level downside case can be established.

Cities & communities

Where people live within Carbon County

Census-recognized incorporated places and CDPs that intersect this county. The list does not pretend to include every neighborhood or informal community.

Population scale

Largest Census places

ACS 2024 5-year
Red Lodge city2.5KBridger town788Joliet town613Fromberg town438Rockvale CDP350Belfry CDP231Roberts CDP191Montaqua CDP145
Bars use total place population, not a county-share estimate. An asterisk marks a place that crosses a county line.
Official directory

15 Census places

Population
  1. 01
    Red Lodge cityIncorporated place
    2,502
  2. 02
    Bridger townIncorporated place
    788
  3. 03
    Joliet townIncorporated place
    613
  4. 04
    Fromberg townIncorporated place
    438
  5. 05
    Rockvale CDPCensus-designated place
    350
  6. 06
    Belfry CDPCensus-designated place
    231
  7. 07
    Roberts CDPCensus-designated place
    191
  8. 08
    Montaqua CDPCensus-designated place
    145
  9. 09
    Bearcreek townIncorporated place
    88
  10. 10
    Fox CDPCensus-designated place
    80
  11. 11
    Edgar CDPCensus-designated place
    60
  12. 12
    Luther CDPCensus-designated place
    46
Show 3 more places
  1. 13
    Boyd CDPCensus-designated place
    9
  2. 14
    Roscoe CDPCensus-designated place
    5
  3. 15
    Silesia CDPCensus-designated place
    5

Population is the total place-wide ACS estimate, not an allocated county share. A place crossing a county line is labelled explicitly. Source: Census ACS 5-year — cities and communities · ACS 2024 5-year · pulled 2026-07-30.

Risk, demand and competition

The three things a price does not tell you

01
Risk & carrying costFEMA NRI + Census ACS
Dominant hazardinland flooding

0.404% of building value expected lost per year

Effective property tax0.54%

$2,281 median annual bill

02
DemandIRS SOI household flows
Net migration+51

412 in · 361 out

Arriving vs leaving income+$15,094

$78,731 arriving · $63,637 leaving

03
CompetitionHMDA financed purchases
Purchases by investors15.6%

21 of 135 mortgages

investorother financed
Current listing pressure

What sellers and visible supply are doing

Realtor.com® Economic Research · county inventory 2026-06 · pulled 2026-07-28
Active listings143▲ 16.7% year over year
Median days on market76▲ 26.4% year over year
Listings price-reduced14.7%seller-concession signal
Median listing pricen/a▼ 1.4% year over year

Listing price is an asking price, not a closed sale. Quality-flagged county rows are withheld instead of displayed.

No rent index is published for this county.Zillow’s county rent series does not cover every county, and estimating one from a neighbouring county would be a guess wearing a number’s clothes. Everything above is measured here; for a rent figure, the Billings, MT page covers the wider market.
Same metro

The other counties in Billings, MT

A metro is an average of these. Which side of a county line a property sits on can change the tax bill, the hazard profile and the tenant pool.

CountyPopulationPriceRentYieldHazard
Carbon County11,116$523kn/an/ainland flooding
Yellowstone County168,957$403k$1,4444.3%inland flooding
Stillwater County9,182$505kn/an/ainland flooding
Bear case

What can break the county thesis

  1. Different price sources and periods may not describe attainable transaction price.
  2. Absent market-rent and operating-cost data may reverse any rental-return conclusion.
  3. Parcel flood exposure and insurance terms may diverge from the county climate model.
Underwriting questions

Before pricing a property

Can gross yield be calculated from this record?

No. County market rent is not published, and HUD Fair Market Rent cannot be substituted for observed market rent.

Does QCEW report resident employment?

No. It reports annual average covered jobs located at workplaces in the county.

What risk requires parcel-level validation?

Inland flood risk requires property-specific exposure, insurance, deductible and mitigation review.