IRS migration + asking rent

Where inbound tax-return households meet current asking rent

Among metros gaining tax-return households, how does current annualized asking rent compare with the average AGI of inbound returns?

Net movement alone does not show the purchasing power replacing local demand. This study joins direct IRS household flows and mover AGI with current Zillow asking rent, population and the named BLS employment signal.

Net-inflow metros
311
positive IRS tax-return household movement
Arrivals earn less
110
average inbound AGI below outbound AGI
Median rent / inbound AGI
27.6%
annualized ZORI divided by inbound-return AGI
Median mapped origin share
47.4%
inbound households linked to another current market
What the mover-income join adds

More inbound households do not automatically mean stronger rent-paying capacity

The complete positive-flow intersection contains 311 markets. In 201, average AGI per inbound tax return is at least as high as the outbound figure; in 110, arrivals have lower average AGI. The median annualized asking-rent share is 27.6%.

Jefferson, GA has the strongest per-resident net inflow in the included set at 21.4tax-return households per 1,000 residents. Its mover-income gap is $13,003, while annualized asking rent equals 32.2% of average inbound-return AGI.

IRS AGI is not renter income, and tax-return migration does not identify who rented, bought, formed a new household or moved within a metro.

Hinesville, GAhas the highest asking-rent share in this set at 48.4%, pairing a$1,749 monthly ZORI with $43,349average AGI per inbound return. Open the flow explorer to inspect the directly mapped origins and destinations before comparing employment, supply and deal-level costs.

Positive net tax-return migration only

Inbound scale and the asking-rent share of mover AGI

Emerald marks arrivals with higher average AGI than leavers; amber marks a negative mover-income gap.

Net IRS migration per one thousand residents and annualized asking rent as a share of inbound AGIScatter plot of metros gaining tax-return households. The horizontal axis shows net households per one thousand residents; the vertical axis shows annualized Zillow asking rent divided by average AGI per inbound tax return.0.05.711.317.022.710%21%31%41%51%30% descriptive lineJefferson, GA: 21.4 net tax-return households per 1,000; 32.2% annual rent/inbound AGIThe Villages, FL: 21.0 net tax-return households per 1,000; 19.8% annual rent/inbound AGIMyrtle Beach, SC: 15.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 24.7% annual rent/inbound AGIOcala, FL: 14.8 net tax-return households per 1,000; 29.1% annual rent/inbound AGIHomosassa Springs, FL: 14.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 29.0% annual rent/inbound AGIWilmington, NC: 12.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 21.7% annual rent/inbound AGILakeland, FL: 11.6 net tax-return households per 1,000; 39.1% annual rent/inbound AGIPort St. Lucie, FL: 10.6 net tax-return households per 1,000; 28.6% annual rent/inbound AGIPanama City, FL: 10.6 net tax-return households per 1,000; 27.7% annual rent/inbound AGIPunta Gorda, FL: 9.3 net tax-return households per 1,000; 23.4% annual rent/inbound AGIAthens, TN: 8.8 net tax-return households per 1,000; 23.4% annual rent/inbound AGIDeltona, FL: 8.8 net tax-return households per 1,000; 27.4% annual rent/inbound AGIWilliston, ND: 8.6 net tax-return households per 1,000; 24.8% annual rent/inbound AGISpartanburg, SC: 8.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 29.0% annual rent/inbound AGIAlbemarle, NC: 8.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 32.9% annual rent/inbound AGIGreeley, CO: 8.1 net tax-return households per 1,000; 28.7% annual rent/inbound AGIDaphne, AL: 8.0 net tax-return households per 1,000; 24.1% annual rent/inbound AGILake Havasu City, AZ: 8.0 net tax-return households per 1,000; 27.3% annual rent/inbound AGIPalm Bay, FL: 7.9 net tax-return households per 1,000; 28.3% annual rent/inbound AGICharleston, SC: 7.7 net tax-return households per 1,000; 25.7% annual rent/inbound AGISt. George, UT: 7.4 net tax-return households per 1,000; 28.1% annual rent/inbound AGIMorristown, TN: 7.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 29.6% annual rent/inbound AGIBrenham, TX: 7.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 16.9% annual rent/inbound AGINorth Port, FL: 7.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 18.5% annual rent/inbound AGISherman, TX: 7.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 20.4% annual rent/inbound AGIAthens, TX: 7.1 net tax-return households per 1,000; 19.9% annual rent/inbound AGIHuntsville, AL: 7.1 net tax-return households per 1,000; 23.8% annual rent/inbound AGIGreeneville, TN: 7.0 net tax-return households per 1,000; 21.0% annual rent/inbound AGISebring, FL: 6.9 net tax-return households per 1,000; 31.7% annual rent/inbound AGIPahrump, NV: 6.7 net tax-return households per 1,000; 26.6% annual rent/inbound AGISandpoint, ID: 6.4 net tax-return households per 1,000; 25.5% annual rent/inbound AGIFayetteville, AR: 6.3 net tax-return households per 1,000; 25.5% annual rent/inbound AGIMontrose, CO: 6.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 35.7% annual rent/inbound AGISeneca, SC: 6.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 19.3% annual rent/inbound AGIKalispell, MT: 6.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 25.4% annual rent/inbound AGIHilton Head Island, SC: 6.0 net tax-return households per 1,000; 16.5% annual rent/inbound AGIBend, OR: 5.9 net tax-return households per 1,000; 24.2% annual rent/inbound AGIJohnson City, TN: 5.8 net tax-return households per 1,000; 27.3% annual rent/inbound AGIRichmond, KY: 5.8 net tax-return households per 1,000; 27.2% annual rent/inbound AGIDurant, OK: 5.8 net tax-return households per 1,000; 36.5% annual rent/inbound AGISebastian, FL: 5.7 net tax-return households per 1,000; 19.5% annual rent/inbound AGISanford, NC: 5.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 29.1% annual rent/inbound AGIAustin, TX: 5.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 19.7% annual rent/inbound AGIBurlington, NC: 5.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 27.0% annual rent/inbound AGIBoise City, ID: 5.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 27.5% annual rent/inbound AGIGreenville, SC: 5.4 net tax-return households per 1,000; 24.9% annual rent/inbound AGIJacksonville, FL: 5.3 net tax-return households per 1,000; 23.0% annual rent/inbound AGIHagerstown, MD: 5.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 32.2% annual rent/inbound AGIGrand Junction, CO: 5.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 30.2% annual rent/inbound AGICullman, AL: 5.1 net tax-return households per 1,000; 26.6% annual rent/inbound AGICorsicana, TX: 5.0 net tax-return households per 1,000; 24.2% annual rent/inbound AGITullahoma, TN: 5.0 net tax-return households per 1,000; 32.2% annual rent/inbound AGIKnoxville, TN: 4.9 net tax-return households per 1,000; 27.5% annual rent/inbound AGIShelton, WA: 4.9 net tax-return households per 1,000; 30.3% annual rent/inbound AGISioux Falls, SD: 4.9 net tax-return households per 1,000; 22.6% annual rent/inbound AGINew Bern, NC: 4.9 net tax-return households per 1,000; 30.3% annual rent/inbound AGIJacksonville, NC: 4.8 net tax-return households per 1,000; 35.0% annual rent/inbound AGIMorehead City, NC: 4.7 net tax-return households per 1,000; 24.8% annual rent/inbound AGIRaleigh, NC: 4.7 net tax-return households per 1,000; 24.3% annual rent/inbound AGICookeville, TN: 4.7 net tax-return households per 1,000; 30.3% annual rent/inbound AGIPinehurst, NC: 4.6 net tax-return households per 1,000; 24.9% annual rent/inbound AGIWinchester, VA: 4.6 net tax-return households per 1,000; 31.2% annual rent/inbound AGIHuntsville, TX: 4.6 net tax-return households per 1,000; 26.5% annual rent/inbound AGIPort Angeles, WA: 4.6 net tax-return households per 1,000; 23.9% annual rent/inbound AGINashville, TN: 4.6 net tax-return households per 1,000; 24.8% annual rent/inbound AGIMidland, TX: 4.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 24.7% annual rent/inbound AGIAlbany, OR: 4.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 36.1% annual rent/inbound AGICharlotte, NC: 4.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 25.7% annual rent/inbound AGIChattanooga, TN: 4.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 24.5% annual rent/inbound AGICleveland, TN: 4.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 29.3% annual rent/inbound AGIClarksville, TN: 4.4 net tax-return households per 1,000; 31.3% annual rent/inbound AGICoeur d'Alene, ID: 4.4 net tax-return households per 1,000; 25.6% annual rent/inbound AGIPensacola, FL: 4.3 net tax-return households per 1,000; 29.8% annual rent/inbound AGICalhoun, GA: 4.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 36.2% annual rent/inbound AGIAsheville, NC: 4.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 23.0% annual rent/inbound AGICentralia, WA: 4.1 net tax-return households per 1,000; 25.5% annual rent/inbound AGIDover, DE: 4.1 net tax-return households per 1,000; 36.4% annual rent/inbound AGIPayson, AZ: 4.1 net tax-return households per 1,000; 30.2% annual rent/inbound AGIStaunton, VA: 4.0 net tax-return households per 1,000; 28.2% annual rent/inbound AGIMissoula, MT: 4.0 net tax-return households per 1,000; 30.1% annual rent/inbound AGILake City, FL: 4.0 net tax-return households per 1,000; 34.2% annual rent/inbound AGIHinesville, GA: 3.9 net tax-return households per 1,000; 48.4% annual rent/inbound AGIGaffney, SC: 3.9 net tax-return households per 1,000; 27.5% annual rent/inbound AGIHelena, MT: 3.9 net tax-return households per 1,000; 28.1% annual rent/inbound AGIShelby, NC: 3.9 net tax-return households per 1,000; 29.6% annual rent/inbound AGIHickory, NC: 3.8 net tax-return households per 1,000; 28.2% annual rent/inbound AGIProvo, UT: 3.8 net tax-return households per 1,000; 32.0% annual rent/inbound AGIOlympia, WA: 3.8 net tax-return households per 1,000; 36.5% annual rent/inbound AGITampa, FL: 3.8 net tax-return households per 1,000; 28.7% annual rent/inbound AGIGardnerville Ranchos, NV: 3.7 net tax-return households per 1,000; 21.8% annual rent/inbound AGIRapid City, SD: 3.7 net tax-return households per 1,000; 22.8% annual rent/inbound AGIEllensburg, WA: 3.7 net tax-return households per 1,000; 21.4% annual rent/inbound AGIBrunswick, GA: 3.7 net tax-return households per 1,000; 23.4% annual rent/inbound AGINewport, OR: 3.7 net tax-return households per 1,000; 29.8% annual rent/inbound AGIBrevard, NC: 3.6 net tax-return households per 1,000; 26.0% annual rent/inbound AGIKingsport, TN: 3.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 25.2% annual rent/inbound AGICedar City, UT: 3.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 30.8% annual rent/inbound AGIGainesville, GA: 3.4 net tax-return households per 1,000; 25.8% annual rent/inbound AGISan Antonio, TX: 3.3 net tax-return households per 1,000; 24.1% annual rent/inbound AGIShawnee, OK: 3.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 26.6% annual rent/inbound AGIStatesboro, GA: 3.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 40.7% annual rent/inbound AGIWinston, NC: 3.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 29.9% annual rent/inbound AGICrestview, FL: 3.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 22.2% annual rent/inbound AGIIdaho Falls, ID: 3.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 25.9% annual rent/inbound AGIBowling Green, KY: 3.1 net tax-return households per 1,000; 29.6% annual rent/inbound AGIButte, MT: 3.1 net tax-return households per 1,000; 29.1% annual rent/inbound AGICheyenne, WY: 3.1 net tax-return households per 1,000; 28.1% annual rent/inbound AGIAberdeen, WA: 3.1 net tax-return households per 1,000; 27.6% annual rent/inbound AGILas Vegas, NV: 3.0 net tax-return households per 1,000; 25.0% annual rent/inbound AGIBellingham, WA: 3.0 net tax-return households per 1,000; 31.5% annual rent/inbound AGIElizabeth City, NC: 3.0 net tax-return households per 1,000; 34.6% annual rent/inbound AGIParagould, AR: 3.0 net tax-return households per 1,000; 29.6% annual rent/inbound AGIArdmore, OK: 3.0 net tax-return households per 1,000; 30.3% annual rent/inbound AGILaconia, NH: 2.9 net tax-return households per 1,000; 18.5% annual rent/inbound AGIFrankfort, KY: 2.9 net tax-return households per 1,000; 28.0% annual rent/inbound AGIKerrville, TX: 2.8 net tax-return households per 1,000; 25.2% annual rent/inbound AGIBozeman, MT: 2.8 net tax-return households per 1,000; 33.4% annual rent/inbound AGITalladega, AL: 2.7 net tax-return households per 1,000; 29.0% annual rent/inbound AGIRichmond, VA: 2.7 net tax-return households per 1,000; 27.8% annual rent/inbound AGIWarner Robins, GA: 2.7 net tax-return households per 1,000; 37.0% annual rent/inbound AGICape Coral, FL: 2.7 net tax-return households per 1,000; 18.2% annual rent/inbound AGIReno, NV: 2.7 net tax-return households per 1,000; 23.7% annual rent/inbound AGILewiston, ME: 2.7 net tax-return households per 1,000; 33.2% annual rent/inbound AGIPortland, ME: 2.7 net tax-return households per 1,000; 31.9% annual rent/inbound AGISavannah, GA: 2.7 net tax-return households per 1,000; 31.4% annual rent/inbound AGIDallas, TX: 2.6 net tax-return households per 1,000; 23.2% annual rent/inbound AGIGettysburg, PA: 2.6 net tax-return households per 1,000; 21.6% annual rent/inbound AGITyler, TX: 2.6 net tax-return households per 1,000; 25.3% annual rent/inbound AGIMuskegon, MI: 2.6 net tax-return households per 1,000; 26.3% annual rent/inbound AGIGreenwood, SC: 2.6 net tax-return households per 1,000; 24.3% annual rent/inbound AGITwin Falls, ID: 2.6 net tax-return households per 1,000; 33.1% annual rent/inbound AGIHammond, LA: 2.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 36.3% annual rent/inbound AGIShow Low, AZ: 2.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 34.2% annual rent/inbound AGIGainesville, TX: 2.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 30.4% annual rent/inbound AGIPhoenix, AZ: 2.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 23.3% annual rent/inbound AGIJoplin, MO: 2.4 net tax-return households per 1,000; 33.2% annual rent/inbound AGIConcord, NH: 2.4 net tax-return households per 1,000; 26.5% annual rent/inbound AGIRoseburg, OR: 2.4 net tax-return households per 1,000; 31.6% annual rent/inbound AGIGrants Pass, OR: 2.4 net tax-return households per 1,000; 34.9% annual rent/inbound AGIPottsville, PA: 2.4 net tax-return households per 1,000; 31.9% annual rent/inbound AGIDes Moines, IA: 2.3 net tax-return households per 1,000; 24.2% annual rent/inbound AGITraverse City, MI: 2.3 net tax-return households per 1,000; 23.9% annual rent/inbound AGIKeene, NH: 2.3 net tax-return households per 1,000; 27.1% annual rent/inbound AGIColumbia, SC: 2.3 net tax-return households per 1,000; 31.0% annual rent/inbound AGIDenver, CO: 2.3 net tax-return households per 1,000; 28.0% annual rent/inbound AGIBremerton, WA: 2.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 29.4% annual rent/inbound AGIDublin, GA: 2.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 26.4% annual rent/inbound AGIAugusta, GA: 2.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 29.1% annual rent/inbound AGISanta Fe, NM: 2.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 24.8% annual rent/inbound AGIAugusta, ME: 2.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 30.8% annual rent/inbound AGILongview, WA: 2.1 net tax-return households per 1,000; 24.4% annual rent/inbound AGIFargo, ND: 2.1 net tax-return households per 1,000; 25.3% annual rent/inbound AGISpringfield, MO: 2.1 net tax-return households per 1,000; 27.5% annual rent/inbound AGISearcy, AR: 2.1 net tax-return households per 1,000; 25.0% annual rent/inbound AGIAstoria, OR: 2.1 net tax-return households per 1,000; 20.7% annual rent/inbound AGIOdessa, TX: 2.0 net tax-return households per 1,000; 36.3% annual rent/inbound AGIKilleen, TX: 2.0 net tax-return households per 1,000; 29.7% annual rent/inbound AGIYork, PA: 2.0 net tax-return households per 1,000; 26.4% annual rent/inbound AGIDothan, AL: 2.0 net tax-return households per 1,000; 28.7% annual rent/inbound AGIHilo, HI: 2.0 net tax-return households per 1,000; 39.8% annual rent/inbound AGIAlamogordo, NM: 2.0 net tax-return households per 1,000; 38.4% annual rent/inbound AGIOklahoma City, OK: 2.0 net tax-return households per 1,000; 28.6% annual rent/inbound AGISierra Vista, AZ: 2.0 net tax-return households per 1,000; 26.4% annual rent/inbound AGIRocky Mount, NC: 1.9 net tax-return households per 1,000; 29.3% annual rent/inbound AGIFort Collins, CO: 1.9 net tax-return households per 1,000; 30.5% annual rent/inbound AGIMount Vernon, WA: 1.9 net tax-return households per 1,000; 30.9% annual rent/inbound AGIBangor, ME: 1.9 net tax-return households per 1,000; 34.8% annual rent/inbound AGICrawfordsville, IN: 1.9 net tax-return households per 1,000; 21.9% annual rent/inbound AGIChambersburg, PA: 1.9 net tax-return households per 1,000; 28.0% annual rent/inbound AGINaples, FL: 1.9 net tax-return households per 1,000; 11.3% annual rent/inbound AGIWilson, NC: 1.9 net tax-return households per 1,000; 35.9% annual rent/inbound AGILynchburg, VA: 1.8 net tax-return households per 1,000; 25.5% annual rent/inbound AGIOak Harbor, WA: 1.8 net tax-return households per 1,000; 27.5% annual rent/inbound AGIDecatur, AL: 1.8 net tax-return households per 1,000; 24.1% annual rent/inbound AGIMadison, WI: 1.8 net tax-return households per 1,000; 31.2% annual rent/inbound AGIBillings, MT: 1.7 net tax-return households per 1,000; 25.8% annual rent/inbound AGIEnterprise, AL: 1.7 net tax-return households per 1,000; 30.6% annual rent/inbound AGIEau Claire, WI: 1.7 net tax-return households per 1,000; 24.7% annual rent/inbound AGITulsa, OK: 1.7 net tax-return households per 1,000; 26.8% annual rent/inbound AGIOrlando, FL: 1.7 net tax-return households per 1,000; 33.0% annual rent/inbound AGICoos Bay, OR: 1.6 net tax-return households per 1,000; 31.0% annual rent/inbound AGIFort Smith, AR: 1.6 net tax-return households per 1,000; 25.4% annual rent/inbound AGITahlequah, OK: 1.6 net tax-return households per 1,000; 33.0% annual rent/inbound AGIMarquette, MI: 1.6 net tax-return households per 1,000; 24.4% annual rent/inbound AGIFlorence, AL: 1.6 net tax-return households per 1,000; 23.4% annual rent/inbound AGIGadsden, AL: 1.6 net tax-return households per 1,000; 24.4% annual rent/inbound AGICumberland, MD: 1.6 net tax-return households per 1,000; 23.8% annual rent/inbound AGIHouston, TX: 1.6 net tax-return households per 1,000; 25.1% annual rent/inbound AGIBrainerd, MN: 1.6 net tax-return households per 1,000; 16.6% annual rent/inbound AGITucson, AZ: 1.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 23.3% annual rent/inbound AGIAlbertville, AL: 1.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 28.7% annual rent/inbound AGILittle Rock, AR: 1.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 27.0% annual rent/inbound AGIOzark, AL: 1.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 32.1% annual rent/inbound AGIAda, OK: 1.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 27.3% annual rent/inbound AGIChico, CA: 1.4 net tax-return households per 1,000; 35.8% annual rent/inbound AGIOgden, UT: 1.4 net tax-return households per 1,000; 28.8% annual rent/inbound AGIMuskogee, OK: 1.4 net tax-return households per 1,000; 26.0% annual rent/inbound AGIRome, GA: 1.4 net tax-return households per 1,000; 29.1% annual rent/inbound AGIKennewick, WA: 1.4 net tax-return households per 1,000; 29.8% annual rent/inbound AGIGreenville, NC: 1.4 net tax-return households per 1,000; 33.2% annual rent/inbound AGIBloomsburg, PA: 1.4 net tax-return households per 1,000; 30.2% annual rent/inbound AGIRoanoke, VA: 1.4 net tax-return households per 1,000; 25.5% annual rent/inbound AGIHolland, MI: 1.4 net tax-return households per 1,000; 26.8% annual rent/inbound AGIValdosta, GA: 1.4 net tax-return households per 1,000; 37.3% annual rent/inbound AGIJonesboro, AR: 1.4 net tax-return households per 1,000; 35.5% annual rent/inbound AGIThomasville, GA: 1.4 net tax-return households per 1,000; 37.8% annual rent/inbound AGIMacon, GA: 1.3 net tax-return households per 1,000; 30.0% annual rent/inbound AGIDalton, GA: 1.3 net tax-return households per 1,000; 34.7% annual rent/inbound AGIPaducah, KY: 1.3 net tax-return households per 1,000; 28.7% annual rent/inbound AGIFairmont, WV: 1.3 net tax-return households per 1,000; 29.5% annual rent/inbound AGILongview, TX: 1.3 net tax-return households per 1,000; 24.6% annual rent/inbound AGIKokomo, IN: 1.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 25.0% annual rent/inbound AGISumter, SC: 1.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 36.0% annual rent/inbound AGIZanesville, OH: 1.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 26.3% annual rent/inbound AGIGulfport, MS: 1.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 29.6% annual rent/inbound AGISpokane, WA: 1.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 28.1% annual rent/inbound AGIAbilene, TX: 1.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 41.2% annual rent/inbound AGILumberton, NC: 1.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 38.6% annual rent/inbound AGINorwich, CT: 1.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 35.3% annual rent/inbound AGIClarksburg, WV: 1.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 25.4% annual rent/inbound AGIPueblo, CO: 1.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 32.1% annual rent/inbound AGICañon City, CO: 1.1 net tax-return households per 1,000; 27.6% annual rent/inbound AGICasper, WY: 1.1 net tax-return households per 1,000; 25.6% annual rent/inbound AGIKearney, NE: 1.1 net tax-return households per 1,000; 33.7% annual rent/inbound AGIOshkosh, WI: 1.1 net tax-return households per 1,000; 23.8% annual rent/inbound AGIKansas City, MO: 1.0 net tax-return households per 1,000; 27.2% annual rent/inbound AGIWaco, TX: 1.0 net tax-return households per 1,000; 25.6% annual rent/inbound AGIColorado Springs, CO: 1.0 net tax-return households per 1,000; 32.2% annual rent/inbound AGIDurham, NC: 1.0 net tax-return households per 1,000; 24.4% annual rent/inbound AGIJefferson City, MO: 1.0 net tax-return households per 1,000; 24.4% annual rent/inbound AGIIndianapolis, IN: 1.0 net tax-return households per 1,000; 28.5% annual rent/inbound AGITorrington, CT: 1.0 net tax-return households per 1,000; 21.4% annual rent/inbound AGIKingston, NY: 0.9 net tax-return households per 1,000; 21.8% annual rent/inbound AGIMoses Lake, WA: 0.9 net tax-return households per 1,000; 29.9% annual rent/inbound AGIGreensboro, NC: 0.9 net tax-return households per 1,000; 29.6% annual rent/inbound AGIOxford, MS: 0.8 net tax-return households per 1,000; 38.9% annual rent/inbound AGILubbock, TX: 0.8 net tax-return households per 1,000; 28.6% annual rent/inbound AGITupelo, MS: 0.8 net tax-return households per 1,000; 32.0% annual rent/inbound AGIMarion, IN: 0.8 net tax-return households per 1,000; 25.3% annual rent/inbound AGIWarrensburg, MO: 0.8 net tax-return households per 1,000; 24.7% annual rent/inbound AGIGoldsboro, NC: 0.8 net tax-return households per 1,000; 36.3% annual rent/inbound AGIAppleton, WI: 0.8 net tax-return households per 1,000; 23.8% annual rent/inbound AGIStevens Point, WI: 0.7 net tax-return households per 1,000; 26.2% annual rent/inbound AGIJamestown, ND: 0.7 net tax-return households per 1,000; 27.2% annual rent/inbound AGIDyersburg, TN: 0.7 net tax-return households per 1,000; 20.0% annual rent/inbound AGIAtlanta, GA: 0.7 net tax-return households per 1,000; 30.7% annual rent/inbound AGILebanon, PA: 0.7 net tax-return households per 1,000; 27.6% annual rent/inbound AGIGlens Falls, NY: 0.7 net tax-return households per 1,000; 24.8% annual rent/inbound AGIBay City, MI: 0.6 net tax-return households per 1,000; 27.8% annual rent/inbound AGIMurray, KY: 0.6 net tax-return households per 1,000; 28.3% annual rent/inbound AGISeattle, WA: 0.6 net tax-return households per 1,000; 28.9% annual rent/inbound AGIGainesville, FL: 0.6 net tax-return households per 1,000; 32.4% annual rent/inbound AGIWisconsin Rapids, WI: 0.6 net tax-return households per 1,000; 25.2% annual rent/inbound AGIWilliamsport, PA: 0.6 net tax-return households per 1,000; 23.5% annual rent/inbound AGILa Crosse, WI: 0.6 net tax-return households per 1,000; 24.9% annual rent/inbound AGIBattle Creek, MI: 0.6 net tax-return households per 1,000; 27.7% annual rent/inbound AGIHutchinson, KS: 0.6 net tax-return households per 1,000; 20.8% annual rent/inbound AGIAlbuquerque, NM: 0.6 net tax-return households per 1,000; 28.6% annual rent/inbound AGIDurango, CO: 0.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 27.3% annual rent/inbound AGIHarrisburg, PA: 0.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 28.2% annual rent/inbound AGIHarrisonburg, VA: 0.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 39.7% annual rent/inbound AGIJanesville, WI: 0.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 25.5% annual rent/inbound AGIYuma, AZ: 0.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 32.4% annual rent/inbound AGIAuburn, AL: 0.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 30.2% annual rent/inbound AGIMorgantown, WV: 0.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 31.5% annual rent/inbound AGIFlorence, SC: 0.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 29.2% annual rent/inbound AGIVernal, UT: 0.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 32.1% annual rent/inbound AGILas Cruces, NM: 0.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 32.4% annual rent/inbound AGIJackson, TN: 0.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 32.7% annual rent/inbound AGIFort Wayne, IN: 0.5 net tax-return households per 1,000; 26.5% annual rent/inbound AGIWatertown, WI: 0.4 net tax-return households per 1,000; 24.7% annual rent/inbound AGIRichmond, IN: 0.4 net tax-return households per 1,000; 22.3% annual rent/inbound AGIMilledgeville, GA: 0.4 net tax-return households per 1,000; 30.6% annual rent/inbound AGINew Castle, IN: 0.4 net tax-return households per 1,000; 20.9% annual rent/inbound AGIOmaha, NE: 0.4 net tax-return households per 1,000; 27.1% annual rent/inbound AGIMidland, MI: 0.4 net tax-return households per 1,000; 26.4% annual rent/inbound AGIGreen Bay, WI: 0.4 net tax-return households per 1,000; 19.2% annual rent/inbound AGICarson City, NV: 0.4 net tax-return households per 1,000; 28.2% annual rent/inbound AGIDuluth, MN: 0.4 net tax-return households per 1,000; 26.4% annual rent/inbound AGILexington, KY: 0.4 net tax-return households per 1,000; 31.4% annual rent/inbound AGIAmarillo, TX: 0.3 net tax-return households per 1,000; 27.6% annual rent/inbound AGIBirmingham, AL: 0.3 net tax-return households per 1,000; 26.9% annual rent/inbound AGIRacine, WI: 0.3 net tax-return households per 1,000; 26.1% annual rent/inbound AGIBartlesville, OK: 0.3 net tax-return households per 1,000; 22.8% annual rent/inbound AGIAllentown, PA: 0.3 net tax-return households per 1,000; 31.8% annual rent/inbound AGIGrand Rapids, MI: 0.3 net tax-return households per 1,000; 30.4% annual rent/inbound AGIHot Springs, AR: 0.3 net tax-return households per 1,000; 25.8% annual rent/inbound AGIBismarck, ND: 0.3 net tax-return households per 1,000; 26.9% annual rent/inbound AGIKlamath Falls, OR: 0.3 net tax-return households per 1,000; 27.6% annual rent/inbound AGIAshland, OH: 0.3 net tax-return households per 1,000; 22.7% annual rent/inbound AGICharlottesville, VA: 0.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 26.2% annual rent/inbound AGIColumbus, OH: 0.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 28.3% annual rent/inbound AGISedalia, MO: 0.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 29.8% annual rent/inbound AGIWichita, KS: 0.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 25.6% annual rent/inbound AGIMuncie, IN: 0.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 27.1% annual rent/inbound AGIMedford, OR: 0.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 34.1% annual rent/inbound AGIWenatchee, WA: 0.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 23.4% annual rent/inbound AGIManchester, NH: 0.2 net tax-return households per 1,000; 30.5% annual rent/inbound AGITerre Haute, IN: 0.1 net tax-return households per 1,000; 24.3% annual rent/inbound AGICanton, OH: 0.1 net tax-return households per 1,000; 23.0% annual rent/inbound AGIMansfield, OH: 0.1 net tax-return households per 1,000; 23.2% annual rent/inbound AGIFremont, NE: 0.1 net tax-return households per 1,000; 28.5% annual rent/inbound AGIColumbia, MO: 0.1 net tax-return households per 1,000; 30.4% annual rent/inbound AGILafayette, LA: 0.1 net tax-return households per 1,000; 29.7% annual rent/inbound AGIFlint, MI: 0.1 net tax-return households per 1,000; 24.1% annual rent/inbound AGIDickinson, ND: 0.1 net tax-return households per 1,000; 25.4% annual rent/inbound AGICarlsbad, NM: 0.1 net tax-return households per 1,000; 30.3% annual rent/inbound AGIDanville, VA: 0.0 net tax-return households per 1,000; 28.1% annual rent/inbound AGIProvidence, RI: 0.0 net tax-return households per 1,000; 32.6% annual rent/inbound AGIBlackfoot, ID: 0.0 net tax-return households per 1,000; 21.0% annual rent/inbound AGIEugene, OR: 0.0 net tax-return households per 1,000; 36.0% annual rent/inbound AGIJeffersonThe VillagesMyrtle BeachOcalaHomosassa SpringsNet tax-return households per 1,000 residents →Annual rent / inbound AGI →
AGI is adjusted gross income per inbound tax return—not renter income, gross household income or disposable income. Source periods remain separate.
Decision table

The first 24 rows, with a path to the underlying market

311 total rows Download all rows
Positive net tax-return migration ranked per 1,000 residents, with mover-income and current asking-rent context
RankMetroNet householdsPer 1,000Inbound AGIAGI gapRent / inbound AGILeading mapped originOpen
1Jefferson, GAIRS flow · Zillow 2026-06-301,81421.4$77,315$13,00332.2%Atlanta, GA1,952 householdsExplore flows
2The Villages, FLIRS flow · Zillow 2026-06-303,01121.0$105,954$15,97419.8%Orlando, FL1,066 householdsExplore flows
3Myrtle Beach, SCIRS flow · Zillow 2026-06-305,93315.5$82,989$27,78224.7%New York, NY1,538 householdsExplore flows
4Ocala, FLIRS flow · Zillow 2026-06-305,92914.8$65,836$11,74129.1%Orlando, FL2,039 householdsExplore flows
5Homosassa Springs, FLIRS flow · Zillow 2026-06-302,30714.2$70,597$16,17329.0%Tampa, FL1,484 householdsExplore flows
6Wilmington, NCIRS flow · Zillow 2026-06-305,64512.5$95,534$28,33221.7%Raleigh, NC1,321 householdsExplore flows
7Lakeland, FLIRS flow · Zillow 2026-06-309,14811.6$56,694$3,21539.1%Orlando, FL8,908 householdsExplore flows
8Port St. Lucie, FLIRS flow · Zillow 2026-06-305,54710.6$98,321$27,72428.6%Miami, FL8,105 householdsExplore flows
9Panama City, FLIRS flow · Zillow 2026-06-302,24610.6$73,687$13,90427.7%Crestview, FL536 householdsExplore flows
10Punta Gorda, FLIRS flow · Zillow 2026-06-301,8799.3$97,219$27,10223.4%North Port, FL1,585 householdsExplore flows
11Athens, TNIRS flow · Zillow 2026-06-306038.8$57,275$9,06623.4%Cleveland, TN334 householdsExplore flows
12Deltona, FLIRS flow · Zillow 2026-06-306,2288.8$78,730$20,63427.4%Orlando, FL5,884 householdsExplore flows
13Williston, NDIRS flow · Zillow 2026-06-303418.6$60,684$-13,45224.8%Minot, ND52 householdsExplore flows
14Spartanburg, SCIRS flow · Zillow 2026-06-303,1908.5$62,106$3,76729.0%Greenville, SC3,374 householdsExplore flows
15Albemarle, NCIRS flow · Zillow 2026-06-305478.5$64,769$6,10532.9%Charlotte, NC1,048 householdsExplore flows
16Greeley, COIRS flow · Zillow 2026-06-302,8408.1$73,472$3,26028.7%Denver, CO4,223 householdsExplore flows
17Daphne, ALIRS flow · Zillow 2026-06-301,9828.0$84,825$13,57424.1%Mobile, AL1,002 householdsExplore flows
18Lake Havasu City, AZIRS flow · Zillow 2026-06-301,7698.0$68,151$12,30627.3%Riverside, CA1,127 householdsExplore flows
19Palm Bay, FLIRS flow · Zillow 2026-06-304,9807.9$81,139$12,92328.3%Orlando, FL2,482 householdsExplore flows
20Charleston, SCIRS flow · Zillow 2026-06-306,4477.7$96,571$21,55125.7%New York, NY1,118 householdsExplore flows
21St. George, UTIRS flow · Zillow 2026-06-301,4617.4$82,785$13,44428.1%Salt Lake City, UT865 householdsExplore flows
22Morristown, TNIRS flow · Zillow 2026-06-308867.2$61,513$14,08629.6%Knoxville, TN803 householdsExplore flows
23Brenham, TXIRS flow · Zillow 2026-06-302647.2$121,685$59,03616.9%Houston, TX472 householdsExplore flows
24North Port, FLIRS flow · Zillow 2026-06-306,3667.2$138,563$57,20718.5%Tampa, FL3,358 householdsExplore flows

The visible table is intentionally limited for reading. The CSV contains every row that passes the printed inclusion rule.

Reproduce the screen

Inclusion first, interpretation second.

Start with every current RentMarker market that has positive IRS net tax-return household migration, positive inbound and outbound household counts, published inbound/outbound AGI per return, population, current Zillow ZORI and a named BLS employment change. Rank by net migration per 1,000 residents; retain the leading directly mapped origin market and the share of inbound households covered by mapped market-to-market pairs.

Methodology version: v10

Method

  1. IRS county inflow and outflow totals are aggregated through current market membership after same-market county moves are netted from both sides.
  2. Annualized asking rent is monthly Zillow ZORI multiplied by 12; the rent-to-inbound-AGI ratio divides that amount by average AGI per inbound tax return.
  3. Direct county pairs use the IRS inflow-side record once, map both county ends independently and exclude pairs whose ends belong to the same market area.
  4. Net migration per 1,000 divides the net tax-return household count by current ACS population and multiplies by 1,000.

Counter-signals

  • Adjusted gross income is not gross household income, disposable income or renter income, and one tax return is not necessarily one lease.
  • A positive net flow can coexist with weaker employment, rising supply or high insurance and ownership costs.
  • The mapped origin share excludes county pairs whose other end is outside a current RentMarker market area; the all-US inflow total remains the denominator.

Limitations

  • IRS migration omits non-filers and does not identify tenure, reason for moving, household formation or intended neighborhood.
  • IRS 2022-2023 migration, current Zillow asking rent, ACS population and BLS employment cover different reference periods.
  • ZORI is a market-level typical asking rent rather than the rent paid by movers, and the ratio is not a household affordability verdict.
Move from market to deal

Use the study to narrow the question—not to skip underwriting.

Open a market for its supply, affordability, migration and risk context. Compare a deliberate substitute, then bring a real property price, rent and expenses into the stress test.

Explore migration flows Stress-test a dealOpen curated comparisons
Source vintages

Every input release used by this study

Release and retrieval dates stay visible so a reader can tell whether two measures describe the same moment.

acs populationCensus ACS 5-year — populationACS 2024 5-year · retrieved 2026-07-26bls cesBLS CES — payroll employmentCES SM current · retrieved 2026-07-26bls lausBLS LAUS — resident employmentLAUS current · retrieved 2026-07-26cbsa delineationOMB/BLS delineation — metro geographyOMB July 2023 delineation · retrieved 2026-07-30irs migrationIRS SOI — county migration and mover incomeSOI migration 2022-2023 · retrieved 2026-07-26zillow zoriZillow ZORI — metro market rentsMetro_zori_uc_sfrcondomfr_sm_sa_month.csv · retrieved 2026-07-26